This article analyzes the international law obligations that arise in relation to nationally determined contributions (NDCs). It argues that distinct and concurrent obligations arise from two separate sources. On the one hand, treaty obligations arise under the Paris Agreement, which imposes an obligation of conduct on parties: they must take adequate measures towards the realization of the mitigation targets contained in their NDCs. On the other hand, communications such as NDCs may constitute unilateral declarations that also create legal obligations. These unilateral declarations impose obligations of various types, which may extend beyond mitigation. For example, they may specify measures of implementation or demand the achievement of a particular result. The potential ‘double-bindingness’ of NDCs should be a central consideration in the interpretation of international law obligations regarding climate change.

中文翻译：

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与国家自主贡献有关的国际法义务

本文分析了与国家自主贡献 (NDC) 相关的国际法义务。它认为，不同的和同时的义务来自两个不同的来源。一方面，《巴黎协定》规定了条约义务，该协定对缔约方施加了行为义务：他们必须采取适当措施实现其国家自主贡献中包含的缓解目标。另一方面，诸如国家自主贡献之类的通信可能构成单方面的声明，也会产生法律义务。这些单方面声明强加了各种类型的义务，这些义务可能超出缓解范围。例如，他们可以指定实施措施或要求实现特定结果。