Many parts of the world rely on nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus to improve farming production and increase yields. There are significant food security as well as socio-economic issues at stake. However, it is also clear that fertilizer loads are particularly damaging to aquatic environments, including lakes, rivers, coral reefs, and wetlands. This article explores governance approaches to fertilizer practices that impact on aquatic environments (eutrophication) by examining a case study of the Great Barrier Reef. Governance involves any and all forms of state and non-state control over a given set of issues. It can include, but is not limited to, rule-based approaches like regulation, although it can also involve market-driven measures like nutrient trading schemes, government grants and other financial incentives. So, which approach to governance works best to combat this particular policy question? What other insights into the design of effective regulation and governance can be gathered? In this article, the authors make three broad arguments for change: firstly, it is crucial that regulation features within government strategies; secondly, there must be a rigorous systematic evaluation of the strategies to ensure that the desired behavioural change is achieved along with the desired outcomes; thirdly, and most importantly, the strategies and the evaluation methods must be appropriate for the culture of the industry they are designed to regulate.

中文翻译：

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农业区养分流失的控制：对澳大利亚甘蔗产业和大堡礁治理的见解

世界上许多地方都依赖氮和磷等营养物质来改善农业生产和增加产量。存在重大的粮食安全和社会经济问题。然而，同样清楚的是，肥料负荷对水生环境尤其有害，包括湖泊、河流、珊瑚礁和湿地。本文通过研究大堡礁的案例研究，探讨了影响水生环境（富营养化）的施肥方法的治理方法。治理涉及对一组给定问题的任何和所有形式的国家和非国家控制。它可以包括但不限于基于规则的方法，如监管，尽管它也可以涉及市场驱动的措施，如营养交易计划、政府补助和其他财政激励措施。所以，哪种治理方法最适合解决这一特定的政策问题？对于有效监管和治理的设计，还有哪些其他见解可以收集？在本文中，作者提出了三个广泛的变革论点：首先，监管在政府战略中的特征至关重要；其次，必须对策略进行严格的系统评估，以确保实现预期的行为改变以及预期的结果；第三，也是最重要的一点，策略和评估方法必须适合它们旨在监管的行业文化。作者提出了三个广泛的变革论点：首先，监管在政府战略中具有重要意义；其次，必须对策略进行严格的系统评估，以确保实现预期的行为改变以及预期的结果；第三，也是最重要的一点，策略和评估方法必须适合它们旨在监管的行业文化。作者提出了三个广泛的变革论点：首先，监管在政府战略中具有重要意义；其次，必须对策略进行严格的系统评估，以确保实现预期的行为改变以及预期的结果；第三，也是最重要的一点，策略和评估方法必须适合它们旨在监管的行业文化。