International norms and rules are created in international negotiations. A comprehensive survey shows that the satisfaction with negotiation outcomes varies between delegates, states and International Organizations (IOs), which is important as it has potential ramifications for state compliance and the effectiveness of the international rules and norms. This paper investigates which role individual, country and IO features and their interactions play for satisfaction with international negotiation outcomes. Drawing on approaches of international negotiation and cooperation, hypotheses on individual, country and IO features are specified and examined empirically with a multilevel analysis. This reveals that especially individual and IO level features impact outcome satisfaction. Outcome satisfaction increases if delegates put in much work in negotiations and can conduct them flexibly and if IOs are small in size, and have institutional designs that seek to foster debates. The paper also shows that there are cross-level interaction effects. Most notably, the positive effect of flexibility on high outcome satisfaction is less pronounced when negotiations are more strongly characterized by bargaining dynamics. Vice-versa, when IOs are prone to arguing dynamics all actors become more satisfied.

国际准则和规则是在国际谈判中制定的。一项全面的调查显示，代表，国家与国际组织（IOs）对谈判结果的满意度各不相同，这很重要，因为它可能对国家遵守和国际规则和规范的有效性产生影响。本文研究了个人，国家和IO功能及其相互作用对于国际谈判结果的满意程度所起的作用。利用国际谈判与合作的方法，对个人，国家和IO特征的假设进行了详细说明，并通过多层次分析进行了实证检验。这表明，尤其是个人和IO级别功能会影响结果满意度。如果代表们在谈判中进行了大量工作，并且可以灵活地进行谈判，并且IO规模较小，并且具有旨在促进辩论的机构设计，则结果满意度会提高。该论文还表明存在跨层次的交互作用。最值得注意的是，当谈判以讨价还价的动态为特征时，灵活性对高结果满意度的积极影响就不那么明显了。反之亦然，当IO倾向于争论动态时，所有参与者都变得更加满意。当谈判以讨价还价的动态为特征时，灵活性对高结果满意度的积极影响就不那么明显了。反之亦然，当IO倾向于争论动态时，所有参与者都变得更加满意。当谈判以讨价还价的动态为特征时，灵活性对高结果满意度的积极影响就不那么明显了。反之亦然，当IO倾向于争论动态时，所有参与者都变得更加满意。