Historically, international investment law has centered on protecting foreign investors from direct expropriation, but much of modern law includes legal standards that allow investors to win compensation for other kinds of investor-state disputes. A prominent criticism among scholars and policy advocates is that modern legal protections allow investors to pursue increasing numbers of frivolous, low-merit cases. We contend that this claim overlooks the impact of judicial economy and changing legal standards: since foreign investors only need to prove a main legal violation to secure compensation, arbitrators can and do rule only on those standards that are most easily proven, in particular, contemporary legal protections. As a result, measures based on legal claims and rulings cannot provide definitive evidence of merit, and fears about trends in frivolous litigation under international investment law may be overstated.

中文翻译：

---

司法经济与国际投资仲裁中的障碍

从历史上看，国际投资法一直以保护外国投资者免遭直接没收为中心，但是现代法律中有很多都包括法律标准，该标准允许投资者为其他种类的投资者与国家之间的争端赢得赔偿。学者和政策倡导者之间的一个突出批评是，现代法律保护使投资者能够追查越来越多的轻率，低价值案件。我们认为，这一主张忽视了司法经济和不断变化的法律标准的影响：由于外国投资者只需要证明一项主要的法律违法行为即可获得赔偿，因此仲裁员只能并且确实只能以最容易证明的标准为依据，特别是当代的标准。法律保护。结果，基于法律主张和裁定的措施无法提供确凿的依据，