While the birth of later‐born girls seems least welcome in India, where gender discrimination persists, birth order and sibling sex composition effects among surviving children are less known. The current study investigates whether later‐born girls are discriminated from their siblings once children survive up to primary school age in India. Examining the effects on test scores reveals that there is no negative later‐born effect for girls among surviving children. Instead, girls seem to be consistently at an advantage if they have elder sisters. Furthermore, gender bias among primary school age children is detected only in households of larger size. This implies that gender discrimination is severe in terms of survival, but once children survive up to primary school age they are treated equally.

中文翻译：

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印度幸存儿童的出生顺序和兄弟姐妹性别组成影响：入学状况和考试成绩

尽管在性别歧视仍然存在的印度，出生后女婴的出生似乎最不受欢迎，但鲜活的孩子中的出生顺序和兄弟姐妹的性别构成影响却鲜为人知。当前的研究调查的是，一旦孩子在印度升至小学年龄，后代女孩是否与兄弟姐妹有所区别。检查对考试成绩的影响后发现，在生还的儿童中，女孩没有负面的后代影响。相反，如果有姐姐，女孩似乎始终处于优势地位。此外，仅在规模较大的家庭中发现小学年龄儿童的性别偏见。这意味着就生存而言，性别歧视是严重的，但是一旦儿童生存到小学年龄，他们将受到平等对待。