This study estimates the effect of neighborhood disadvantage on bachelor’s degree attainment with data from a long-term follow-up of the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods. We focus on heterogeneous effects by race and class as well as individual and neighborhood mechanisms that might explain observed patterns, including parents’ educational expectations, collective efficacy, social relationships, and neighborhood violence. Using newly developed methods for estimating longitudinal treatment effects, we find that cumulative neighborhood disadvantage in adolescence is strongly associated with lower bachelor’s attainment among high-income blacks and Latinos. We find no effect for whites and at most a modest effect among low- and middle-income blacks/Latinos. A sensitivity analysis suggests that the estimated effect for high-income blacks/Latinos is plausibly causal. These results support an advantage-leveling model of neighborhood effects and add important nuance for research considering how and for whom neighborhoods influence life chances.

中文翻译：

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邻里劣势对大学毕业的影响：调节和中介机制

这项研究通过对芝加哥社区人类发展项目的长期跟踪研究的数据，估计了社区劣势对学士学位获得的影响。我们关注种族和阶级以及个体和邻里机制的异类影响，这些影响可能解释观察到的模式，包括父母的教育期望，集体效能，社会关系和邻里暴力。使用新开发的方法来估计纵向治疗效果，我们发现青春期的累积邻里劣势与高收入黑人和拉丁裔中较低学士学位的获得密切相关。我们发现对白人没有影响，而在中低收入黑人/拉丁裔中至多没有中等影响。敏感性分析表明，对高收入黑人/拉丁裔的估计影响可能是因果关系。这些结果支持了邻里效应的优势均等模型，并为研究增加了重要的细微差别，考虑了邻里如何以及由谁影响生活机会。