Abstract

This paper addresses the use of skills in multinational companies compared to domestic firms. It thus assesses the contribution of foreign direct investment to skill development as well as the potential for spillovers from multinational to domestic firms. It analyzes demand for skilled labor in Slovakia, a country that is characterized by a high degree of dependence on inward foreign investment. Our framework distinguishes between demand for digital skills on two levels: occupational structure; and skill content within occupations. It is on the latter level that the limits of the foreign-led growth can be observed. Using a large dataset on vacancies from a leading job portal, we show that foreign-owned companies generally advertise for higher-skilled occupations than domestic firms, but their skill requirements for these jobs are lower than in similar jobs in domestic companies. Foreign companies have higher skill requirements only in some blue collar jobs linked to assembly and component manufacturing. For white collar occupations, domestic companies are more likely to require digital skills. Domestic firms thus have a key role in skill development also in an economy where foreign companies exhibit higher productivity and innovation intensity.

摘要

本文讨论了与国内公司相比，跨国公司对技能的使用。因此，它评估了外国直接投资对技能发展的贡献以及从跨国公司向国内公司溢出的可能性。它分析了斯洛伐克对熟练劳动力的需求，斯洛伐克的特点是高度依赖外来投资。我们的框架在两个层面区分了对数字技能的需求：职业结构；和职业中的技能内容。在后一个层面上可以观察到外国主导增长的局限性。使用来自主要工作门户网站的大量职位空缺数据集，我们表明外资公司通常比国内公司宣传更高技能的职业，但他们对这些工作的技能要求低于国内公司的类似工作。外国公司仅在与组装和零部件制造相关的一些蓝领工作中具有更高的技能要求。对于白领职业，国内公司更有可能需要数字技能。因此，在外国公司表现出更高的生产力和创新强度的经济体中，国内公司在技能发展方面也发挥着关键作用。