While market-based climate policy in the United States has been dominated by emissions trading, including policies at the state level and in proposed major federal legislation, a number of recent U.S. climate proposals focus on a carbon tax (or fee). Just as emissions trading programs have included some form of “price containment” measures, carbon tax policies may include “emissions assurance” provisions or, as we refer to them here, “environmental integrity mechanisms” (EIMs), which are designed to provide greater certainty about the resulting quantity of emissions. We propose three political economy reasons—as well as one practical reason relating to international climate agreements—that EIMs are likely to be an important component of any politically successful carbon tax (or fee) legislation in the U.S. Congress.

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美国碳税的混合方式的政治经济学：政策世界的视角

尽管在美国，基于市场的气候政策主要由排放交易构成，包括州一级的政策和拟议的主要联邦立法，但美国近期的许多气候提案都侧重于碳税（或费用）。正如排放交易计划中包含某种形式的“价格遏制”措施一样，碳税政策可能包括“排放保证”规定，或者正如我们在此处所指的那样，其目的是“环境完整性机制”（EIM），旨在提供更大的支持。确定产生的排放量。我们提出了三个政治经济学原因以及与国际气候协定有关的一个实际原因，即EIM可能会成为美国国会在政治上取得成功的碳税（或收费）立法的重要组成部分。