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Policy Brief—The Effectiveness of Phosphate Bans in the United States
Review of Environmental Economics and Policy ( IF 7.048 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 , DOI: 10.1093/reep/reaa003
David A. Keiser

Nutrient pollution is one of the leading causes of declines in surface water quality both in the United States and globally. This article discusses three important issues that influence the effectiveness of recent U.S. policies that ban the use of phosphates in household and commercial products and, ultimately, these policies’ ability to improve water quality. First, the U.S. production of phosphates for household and commercial products and other industrial uses has fallen to less than 5 percent of total phosphate production in recent decades, with agricultural use accounting for the remaining 95 percent. Thus, current policies that target household and industrial uses over agriculture have limited ability to address the larger nutrient pollution problem. Second, the behavioral responses of consumers to variations in the spatial and temporal characteristics of these policies reduce their effectiveness because households can purchase products containing phosphates at different locations or at different times of the year. Third, the interactions of these policies with regulations at wastewater treatment facilities will determine the extent to which reductions in phosphate at the household and commercial levels will result in reductions in the amount of phosphates that are emitted into waterways.

中文翻译:

政策简报-美国磷酸盐禁令的有效性

在美国和全球,养分污染是地表水质量下降的主要原因之一。本文讨论了三个重要问题,这些问题影响了最近美国禁止在家庭和商业产品中使用磷酸盐的政策的效果,最终影响了这些政策改善水质的能力。首先,近几十年来,美国用于家庭和商业产品以及其他工业用途的磷酸盐产量已下降到不足磷酸盐总产量的5%,其中农业用途占剩余的95%。因此,针对家庭和工业用途而非农业的现行政策解决较大的营养污染问题的能力有限。第二,消费者对这些政策时空变化的行为反应降低了其有效性,因为家庭可以在一年中的不同地点或不同时间购买含磷酸盐的产品。第三,这些政策与废水处理设施法规的相互影响将决定家庭和商业水平磷酸盐减少的程度,从而导致排放到水道中的磷酸盐量减少。
更新日期:2020-06-01
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