In recent years, robots have increasingly been implemented as tutors in both first- and second-language education. The field of robot-assisted language learning (RALL) is developing rapidly. Studies have been published targeting different languages, age groups, and aspects of language and using different robots and methodologies. The present review presents an overview of the results obtained so far in RALL research and discusses the current possibilities and limitations of using social robots for first- and second-language learning. Thirty-three studies in which vocabulary, reading skills, speaking skills, grammar, and sign language were taught are discussed. Beside insights into learning gains attained in RALL situations, these studies raise more general issues regarding students’ motivation and robots’ social behavior in learning situations. This review concludes with directions for future research on the use of social robots in language education.

中文翻译：

---

用于语言学习的社交机器人：综述

近年来，机器人越来越多地被用作第一语言和第二语言教育的导师。机器人辅助语言学习（RALL）领域发展迅速。已经发表了针对不同语言、年龄组和语言方面并使用不同机器人和方法的研究。本综述概述了迄今为止在 RALL 研究中获得的结果，并讨论了使用社交机器人进行第一和第二语言学习的当前可能性和局限性。讨论了教授词汇、阅读技巧、口语技巧、语法和手语的 33 项研究。除了深入了解在 RALL 情况下获得的学习收益外，这些研究还提出了关于学生在学习情况下的动机和机器人的社会行为的更普遍的问题。