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Software piracy and outsourcing in two-sided markets
Quantitative Marketing and Economics ( IF 1.480 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-13 , DOI: 10.1007/s11129-019-09221-7
Masakazu Ishihara , Eitan Muller

This paper examines the role of software piracy in digital platforms where a platform provider makes a decision of how much software to produce in-house and how much to outsource from a third-party software provider. Using a vertical differentiation model, we theoretically investigate how piracy influences the software outsourcing decision. We find that when piracy is intermediate, the loss in in-house software profits due to piracy outweighs the loss in licensing fee profits. As a result, an increase in piracy leads to more outsourcing. However, when piracy is high, it becomes too expensive for the platform provider to subsidize the software provider, resulting in a decrease in outsourcing. Moreover, when software variety is also endogenously chosen by firms, the platform provider’s incentive to develop software variety in-house depends not only on the return from software profits but also on the return from hardware profits. Under such a situation, an increase in piracy always leads to less outsourcing and less total software variety. To provide additional insights on the outsourcing decision, we conduct empirical analyses using data from the U.S. handheld video game market between 2004 and 2012. This market is a classical two-sided market, dominated by two handheld platforms (Nintendo DS and Sony PlayStation Portable) and is known to have suffered from software piracy significantly. Our regression results show that in this market, piracy increases outsourcing but has no effect on the total software variety.

中文翻译:

双向市场中的软件盗版和外包

本文研究了软件盗版在数字平台中的作用,其中平台提供商决定内部生产多少软件以及从第三方软件提供商外包多少软件。使用垂直差异模型,我们从理论上研究了盗版如何影响软件外包决策。我们发现,在盗版为中等的情况下,由于盗版而导致的内部软件利润损失大于许可费用利润损失。结果,盗版的增加导致更多的外包。但是,当盗版率很高时,对于平台提供商来说,补贴软件提供商变得太昂贵了,从而导致外包的减少。而且,当软件品种也由公司内生选择时,平台提供商内部开发各种软件的动机不仅取决于软件利润的回报,还取决于硬件利润的回报。在这种情况下,盗版行为的增加总是导致更少的外包和更少的软件总数。为了提供有关外包决策的更多见解,我们使用2004年至2012年间美国手持视频游戏市场的数据进行了实证分析。该市场是一个经典的双面市场,由两个手持平台(Nintendo DS和Sony PlayStation Portable)主导并且已知遭受了严重的软件盗版。我们的回归结果表明,在这个市场上,盗版会增加外包,但不会影响软件的整体种类。在这种情况下,盗版行为的增加总是导致更少的外包和更少的软件总数。为了提供有关外包决策的更多见解,我们使用2004年至2012年间美国手持视频游戏市场的数据进行了实证分析。该市场是一个经典的双面市场,由两个手持平台(Nintendo DS和Sony PlayStation Portable)主导并且已知遭受了严重的软件盗版。我们的回归结果表明,在这个市场上,盗版会增加外包,但不会影响软件的整体种类。在这种情况下,盗版行为的增加总是导致更少的外包和更少的软件总数。为了提供有关外包决策的更多见解,我们使用2004年至2012年间美国手持视频游戏市场的数据进行了实证分析。该市场是一个经典的双面市场,由两个手持平台(Nintendo DS和Sony PlayStation Portable)主导并且已知遭受了严重的软件盗版。我们的回归结果表明,在这个市场上,盗版会增加外包,但不会影响软件的整体种类。这个市场是一个经典的双面市场,以两个手持平台(Nintendo DS和Sony PlayStation Portable)为主导,并且已知遭受了严重的软件盗版。我们的回归结果表明,在这个市场上,盗版会增加外包,但不会影响软件的整体种类。这个市场是一个经典的双面市场,由两个手持平台(Nintendo DS和Sony PlayStation Portable)主导,并且已知遭受了软件盗版的严重侵害。我们的回归结果表明,在这个市场上,盗版会增加外包,但不会影响软件的整体种类。
更新日期:2020-02-13
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