In Harmonic Grammar, positional licensing interacts with faithfulness constraints in pathological ways: spreading a feature to a licensing position to satisfy positional licensing can incur many faithfulness violations, and if there are sufficiently many such violations, they gang up to block spreading. This problem is solved if positional licensing is recast as a positive constraint that rewards licensed features in proportion to the number of positions they are associated with, thereby countering faithfulness's multiple violations. This proposal provides support for positive constraints, calls into question arguments against gradient constraints and lays the groundwork for a sound theory of positional licensing in Harmonic Grammar.

中文翻译：

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谐波语法中的位置许可、不对称权衡和梯度约束

在 Harmonic Grammar 中，位置许可以病态的方式与忠实度约束相互作用：将特征传播到许可位置以满足位置许可会导致许多忠实度违规，如果有足够多的此类违规，它们会联合起来阻止传播。如果位置许可被重新定义为一个正约束，该约束按照与它们相关联的位置数量成比例地奖励许可特征，从而对抗忠诚度的多重违规，这个问题就得到了解决。该提案为正约束提供了支持，对反对梯度约束的论点提出了质疑，并为谐波语法中位置许可的合理理论奠定了基础。