UN Security Council Resolution 1325 and the successive thematic resolutions together with a variety of reports have shaped the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda. The ensuing policies and institutional responses try to deal with a variety of issues including women’s participation in peace-making initiatives and protection from sexual violence during armed conflict and in its aftermath. As such these responses are underpinned by a reactive approach with a focus on conflict and post-conflict gender-sensitive areas of intervention. While these remain worthwhile interventions, the WPS agenda, in spite of its name, inadequately addresses gender-sensitive areas in peace situations, regardless of the existence of conflicts. Building on feminist critiques of the WPS agenda and the findings and recommendations of the 2015 UN Global study on the implementation of Resolution 1325, the article argues that the WSP agenda and its prevention limb need to elaborate and integrate more explicitly and comprehensively a human rights strategy that shifts the focus from a reactive to a proactive model, one which pursues gender equality and women’s human rights in its own right, irrespective of whether conflicts erupt or not. A human rights infused WPS preventive agenda should be premised, on the one hand, on a clear understanding and endorsement of the meaning of gender equality, on the other hand, on the creation of mechanisms and process bolstering the role of international and regional human rights regimes. In particular, robust regional human rights systems have the potential to create fora for the participation of and interaction with domestic constituencies in the region. This in turn could lead to the elaboration of context sensitive, participatory solutions, grounded in international human rights law, to existing forms of discrimination against women, which during conflicts may be exacerbated, for example, in the form of sexual enslavement and abductions as reported in recent and less recent conflicts

中文翻译：

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《妇女与和平》

联合国安理会第 1325 号决议和后续的专题决议以及各种报告塑造了妇女、和平与安全 (WPS) 议程。随之而来的政策和机构应对措施试图处理各种问题，包括妇女参与和平倡议以及在武装冲突期间及其后保护免受性暴力。因此，这些应对措施以反应性方法为基础，重点关注冲突和冲突后对性别敏感的干预领域。尽管这些仍然是值得的干预措施，但 WPS 议程尽管名称如此，但无论是否存在冲突，都未能充分解决和平局势中的性别敏感领域。基于对 WPS 议程的女权主义批评以及 2015 年联合国关于第 1325 号决议执行情况的全球研究的结果和建议，本文认为 WSP 议程及其预防分支需要更明确和全面地阐述和整合人权战略这将重点从被动模式转变为主动模式，无论冲突是否爆发，它都以自己的权利追求性别平等和妇女人权。融入人权的 WPS 预防议程一方面应以明确理解和认可性别平等的含义为前提，另一方面应建立机制和流程以加强国际和区域人权的作用制度。特别是，健全的区域人权体系有可能为该区域国内选民的参与和互动创造一个论坛。这反过来又可能导致制定以国际人权法为基础的、对环境敏感的、参与性的解决方案，以解决对妇女的现有歧视形式，这种歧视在冲突期间可能会加剧，例如，据报道，以性奴役和绑架的形式在最近和较不近期的冲突中