The European Court of Human Rights is the human rights monitoring body that has dealt with the largest number of cases related to gender identity and trans* persons. In this regard, it has recognised under Article 8 ECHR both a right to gender self-determination and a positive obligation for the State to adopt a procedure for legal gender recognition. However, Contracting States were given a wide margin of appreciation to set conditions for the legal recognition of a person’s actual gender identity, leading to the acceptance by the Strasbourg Court of pathologising requirements such as a diagnosis of gender dysphoria and compulsory sex reassignment surgery. This contribution analyses and conceptually explains this message of trans* pathologisation in the ECtHR’s case law. Subsequently, on a normative level, it argues that this case law cannot be upheld taking into account the international trend towards full trans* depathologisation, and the scope of the margin of appreciation that States (ought to) have in cases concerning gender identity.

中文翻译：

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欧洲人权法院关于合法性别承认的判例法中对跨性别者的病理化

欧洲人权法院是处理与性别认同和跨性别者相关案件数量最多的人权监督机构。在这方面，它根据《欧洲人权公约》第 8 条承认性别自决权和国家通过法律承认性别的程序的积极义务。然而，缔约国在为法律承认一个人的实际性别认同设定条件方面获得了广泛的赞赏，导致斯特拉斯堡法院接受了病理性要求，例如诊断性别不安和强制变性手术。这篇文章分析并从概念上解释了 ECtHR 判例法中的跨*病理化信息。随后，在规范层面上，