Urgent responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic depend on increased collaboration and sharing of data, models, and resources among scientists and researchers. In many scientific fields and disciplines, institutional norms treat data, models, and resources as proprietary, emphasizing competition among scientists and researchers locally and internationally. Concurrently, long‐standing norms of open data and collaboration exist in some scientific fields and have accelerated within the last two decades. In both cases—where the institutional arrangements are ready to accelerate for the needed collaboration in a pandemic and where they run counter to what is needed—the rules of the game are “on the table” for institutional‐level renegotiation. These challenges to the negotiated order in science are important, difficult to study, and highly consequential. The COVID‐19 pandemic offers something of a natural experiment to study these dynamics. Preliminary findings highlight: the chilling effect of politics where open sharing could be expected to accelerate; the surprisingly conservative nature of contests and prizes; open questions around whether collaboration will persist following an inflection point in the pandemic; and the strong potential for launching and sustaining pre‐competitive initiatives.

中文翻译：

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大流行数据、模型和资源的协商共享

对 COVID-19 大流行的紧急反应取决于科学家和研究人员之间加强协作和数据、模型和资源的共享。在许多科学领域和学科中，制度规范将数据、模型和资源视为专有，强调本地和国际科学家和研究人员之间的竞争。与此同时，一些科学领域存在开放数据和协作的长期规范，并且在过去的 20 年中加速发展。在这两种情况下——制度安排已准备好在大流行中加速所需的合作，但又与需要的情况背道而驰——游戏规则都“摆在桌面上”进行机构层面的重新谈判。这些对科学协商秩序的挑战很重要，很难研究，而且后果非常严重。COVID-19 大流行提供了一种自然实验来研究这些动态。初步调查结果突出显示：政治的寒蝉效应可能会加速开放共享；竞赛和奖品令人惊讶的保守性质；关于在大流行的拐点之后合作是否会持续存在的开放性问题；以及发起和维持竞争前举措的强大潜力。