Entrepreneurial small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a significant role in nearly all economies and are responsible for a significant proportion of cross-border transactions. In order to create and capture opportunities across borders, entrepreneurs in SMEs rely heavily on both self- and vicarious- and experience-based organizational learning. Although a significant percentage of the academic literature has concerned itself with learning from successful experience (or general experience), learning from failed experience (or learning from success versus failure) has receive much less attention. This is despite the fact that failure is generally more pervasive, particular with respect to SMEs, than success. In this paper, we review the extant knowledge on SME success- and failure-based learning from internationalization, with particular emphasis on how the two bases of learning interact. In addition, we relate the five focused issue articles that build on and extend this literature into a set of insightful theoretical and managerial contributions.

中文翻译：

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中小企业国际化中的学习：成功与失败学习的新视角

企业家型中小企业（SME）在几乎所有经济体中都扮演着重要角色，并负责很大一部分跨境交易。为了创造和抓住跨国界的机会，中小型企业的企业家在很大程度上依赖于自我和替代以及基于经验的组织学习。尽管相当一部分学术文献都关注从成功经验（或一般经验）中学习，但从失败经验中学习（或从成功与失败中学习）却很少受到关注。尽管存在这样的事实，即失败通常比成功更为普遍，特别是对于中小企业而言。在本文中，我们回顾了有关国际化中基于中小企业成功和失败的学习的现有知识，特别强调学习的两个基础如何相互作用。此外，我们将五篇重点关注的文章建立在这些文献的基础上，并将它们扩展到一组有见地的理论和管理贡献上。