Utterances of natural language sentences can be used to communicate not just contents, but also forces. This paper examines this topic from a cross-linguistic perspective on sentential mood (declarative, interrogative, imperative). Recent work in this area focuses on conversational dynamics: the three sentence types can be associated with distinctive kinds of conversational effects called sentential forces , modeled as three kinds of updates to the discourse context. This paper has two main goals. First, it provides two arguments, on empirical and methodological grounds, for treating sentential force (context update rules) as part of a compositional dynamic semantics, rather than a dynamic pragmatics. Second, it formulates a minimal dynamic semantic analysis that covers the data at the heart of these arguments, incorporating existing analyses of the three major moods, evidentials and conjunction. A further aim of the paper is to sharpen the distinction between sentential force and utterance (illocutionary) force, and discuss its implications.

中文翻译：

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交际行为的结构

自然语言句子的表达不仅可以用来交流内容，还可以用来交流力量。本文从句子语气（陈述句、疑问句、祈使句）的跨语言角度探讨了这一主题。该领域的最新工作侧重于会话动态：三种句子类型可以与称为句子力的不同类型的会话效果相关联，建模为对话语上下文的三种更新。本文有两个主要目标。首先，它基于经验和方法论提供了两个论据，将句子力（上下文更新规则）视为组合动态语义的一部分，而不是动态语用学的一部分。其次，它制定了一个最小的动态语义分析，涵盖了这些论点核心的数据，结合对三种主要情绪、证据和连接的现有分析。本文的另一个目的是进一步区分句子力和话语（言外之意）力之间的区别，并讨论其含义。