Following concerns that the art market is being used to launder criminal money and fund terrorist activities, measures have recently been introduced to subject the market to the anti-money laundering (AML) regime – such as the EU 5th Money Laundering Directive (2018) and the US Illicit Art and Antiquities Trafficking Prevention Bill (2018). The expansion of the AML regime to include art dealers has been attributed to the failure of regulation and the vulnerabilities inherent in the market to laundering. This paper considers vulnerabilities to money laundering and examines the types of regulation that apply in the art market. The paper then goes on to analyse the application of AML criminal law and preventive measures in the UK context, demonstrating that art dealers can be criminally prosecuted for engaging in normal commercial activities. Even if dealers do comply with AML reporting rules, such compliance can significantly impact upon their business. These are important considerations given the government's emphasis on striking a balance between the burdens on business and deterring money laundering activities. Drawing upon the AGILE analytical framework, we remain sceptical about the continued expansion of the AML regime.

中文翻译：

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反洗钱监管与艺术品市场

由于担心艺术品市场被用于洗钱和资助恐怖活动，最近采取了措施使市场受到反洗钱 (AML) 制度的约束——例如欧盟 5th洗钱指令（2018 年）和美国非法艺术品和文物贩运预防法案（2018 年）。将反洗钱制度扩大到包括艺术品经销商的原因是监管失败以及市场固有的洗钱漏洞。本文考虑了洗钱的脆弱性，并研究了适用于艺术市场的监管类型。然后，本文分析了反洗钱刑法和预防措施在英国的适用情况，表明艺术品经销商可以因从事正常的商业活动而受到刑事起诉。即使经销商确实遵守了反洗钱报告规则，这种合规性也会对其业务产生重大影响。鉴于政府，这些都是重要的考虑因素 强调在商业负担和阻止洗钱活动之间取得平衡。借助 AGILE 分析框架，我们仍然对反洗钱制度的持续扩展持怀疑态度。