The enterprise of state punishment requires the use of limited resources for which there are other competitors, such as national defense, market regulation, and social welfare. How resource-demanding retributive justice will turn out to be depends on how retributivists answer a series of questions concerning the theory’s structure. After elaborating these questions and the varieties of retributive justice that answers to them might generate, I consider the resource demands of retributive justice in the context of competing theories of distributive justice. Various tensions and outright conflicts between the pursuit of retributive and distributive justice are then explored.

中文翻译：

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报复性司法的性质及其对国家的要求

国家惩戒企业需要利用有限的资源，而后者存在其他竞争者，如国防、市场监管、社会福利等。需要资源的报应性正义将如何发展取决于报应主义者如何回答有关理论结构的一系列问题。在详细阐述了这些问题以及对这些问题的回答可能产生的各种报复性正义之后，我在竞争性分配正义理论的背景下考虑了报复性正义的资源需求。然后探讨了追求报复性正义和分配正义之间的各种紧张关系和直接冲突。