abstractReaction times for a translation recognition study are reported where novice to expert English–ASL bilinguals rejected English translation distractors for ASL signs that were related to the correct translations through phonology, semantics, or both form and meaning (diagrammatic iconicity). Imageability ratings of concepts impacted performance in all conditions; when imageability was high, participants showed interference for phonologically related distractors, and when imageability was low participants showed interference for semantically related distractors, regardless of proficiency. For diagrammatically related distractors high imageability caused interference in experts, but low imageability caused interference in novices. These patterns suggest that imageability and diagrammaticity interact with proficiency – experts process diagrammatic related distractors phonologically, but novices process them semantically. This implies that motivated signs are dependent on the entrenchment of language systematicity; rather than decreasing their impact on language processing as proficiency grows, they build on the original benefit conferred by iconic mappings.

中文翻译：

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美国手语的标志性——英语翻译识别

摘要报告了翻译识别研究的反应时间，其中新手到专家英语-美国手语双语者拒绝了美国手语标志的英语翻译干扰物，这些干扰物与通过语音学、语义学或形式和意义（图表象似性）的正确翻译相关。概念的可成像性评级会影响所有条件下的性能；当成像能力高时，参与者对语音相关的干扰物表现出干扰，而当成像能力低时，无论熟练程度如何，参与者都会对语义相关的干扰物表现出干扰。对于图表相关的干扰物，高成像能力会干扰专家，但低成像能力会干扰新手。这些模式表明，形象性和图解性与熟练度相互作用——专家在语音上处理图解相关的干扰物，但新手在语义上处理它们。这意味着动机符号依赖于语言系统性的巩固；随着熟练度的提高，它们并没有减少它们对语言处理的影响，而是建立在标志性映射所赋予的原始好处之上。