abstractWe tested whether the proportion of typical sentences in a series of auditory sentences would lead people to adjust the strength of activation of world knowledge (i.e., retrieval rules adaptation) during comprehension. This issue is important because it could help clarify how people efficiently integrate different memory information in cognitive processes. In two experiments, all task materials were presented to participants as a whole package, in which proportions of typical sentences, with typical final locations, varied under different conditions. In Experiment 1, the proportion of typical sentences was equal to the atypical ones (i.e., 50% typical vs. 50% atypical), whereas in Experiment 2, the proportion of typical sentences was not equal to the atypical ones (i.e., 75% typical vs. 25% atypical, and 25% typical vs. 75% atypical). Visual fixation on the critical area in a visual display before/while hearing the critical words was compared across conditions, and across-condition differences were used as an index of the adaptation of the retrieval rule in the activation of world knowledge. The findings indicated that the adaptation of retrieval rules occurs throughout the whole test package of sentence comprehension, and the strength of activation of world knowledge in sentence comprehension can be adjusted.

中文翻译：

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适应检索规则并抑制已有的世界知识：世界知识在听觉句子理解中的激活水平的调整

摘要我们测试了一系列听觉句子中典型句子的比例是否会导致人们在理解过程中调整世界知识的激活强度（即检索规则适应）。这个问题很重要，因为它可以帮助阐明人们如何在认知过程中有效地整合不同的记忆信息。在两个实验中，所有任务材料作为一个整体呈现给参与者，其中典型句子的比例，典型的最终位置，在不同的条件下变化。在实验 1 中，典型句子的比例与非典型句子的比例相等（即 50% 典型与 50% 非典型），而在实验 2 中，典型句子的比例不等于非典型句子（即 75%典型与 25% 非典型，25% 典型与 75% 非典型）。跨条件比较了在听到关键词之前/同时在视觉显示中对关键区域的视觉固视，并使用跨条件差异作为检索规则在世界知识激活中的适应性的指标。研究结果表明，检索规则的适应贯穿于句子理解的整个测试包中，并且可以调整句子理解中世界知识的激活强度。