Word production variability is widespread in speech, and rates of variant production correlate with many factors. Recent research suggests mental representation of both canonical word forms and distinct reduced variants, and that production and processing are sensitive to variant frequency. What factors lead to frequency-weighted variant representations? An experiment manipulated following context and word repetition for final t/d words in read, narrative English speech. Modeling the experimentally generated data statistically showed higher final-segment deletion in tokens followed by consonant-initial words, but no evidence of increased deletion with repetition, regardless of context. Deletion rates were also higher the greater a word's cumulative exposure to consonant contexts (measured from distributional statistics), but there was no effect of word frequency. Token effects are interpreted in terms of articulation processes. The type-level context effect is interpreted within exemplar and usage-based models of language to suggest that experiences with word variants in contexts register as frequency-weighted representations.

中文翻译：

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累积上下文影响和变体词汇表示：单词使用和英语最终 t/d 删除

单词产生变异性在语音中很普遍，变异产生率与许多因素相关。最近的研究表明，规范词形式和不同的简化变体的心理表征，并且生产和加工对变体频率很敏感。哪些因素会导致频率加权变体表示？一项实验在阅读、叙述性英语演讲中对最终的 t/d 单词进行以下上下文和单词重复操作。对实验生成的数据进行统计建模显示，标记中的最终片段删除较高，其次是辅音初始词，但没有证据表明重复删除增加，无论上下文如何。一个单词在辅音上下文中的累积暴露量越大，删除率也越高（从分布统计中测量），但没有词频的影响。令牌效应是根据衔接过程来解释的。类型级上下文效应在示例和基于使用的语言模型中进行解释，以表明上下文中单词变体的体验注册为频率加权表示。