In this paper I review three models of language that have dominated language learning and teaching in the last 40 years: the textual model, the information exchange model, and the multilingual model. I analyze each one and consider how it stacks up to instances of language use in a globalized world. I then propose moving beyond the metaphors of citizens and consumers, and consider language teaching as educating denizens of a global ecology that requires sensitivity to context, political awareness, ethical answerability and a good dose of situational cunning.

中文翻译：

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教育全球公民还是全球消费者？

在本文中，我回顾了过去 40 年来主导语言学习和教学的三种语言模型：文本模型、信息交换模型和多语言模型。我分析每一个，并考虑它如何叠加到全球化世界中的语言使用实例。然后，我建议超越公民和消费者的隐喻，将语言教学视为教育全球生态的居民，这需要对环境的敏感性、政治意识、道德责任感和良好的情境狡猾。