The handling of linguistic diversity in the Basque Autonomous Community has been an area of constant political debate since the establishment of the Basque–Spanish co-official linguistic regime and the introduction of a process to revitalize Euskara (the Basque language) in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Much of that debate has materialized in claims related to the language rights of citizens. This paper analyzes discourses about language rights in three political organizations, the Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ-PNV), the Abertzale Left (Ezker Abertzalea), and the Popular Party (PP), through an analysis of their electoral programs for the Basque Parliament from the first elections to the present day (1980–2016). Although the linguistic system of the Basque Autonomous Community seems consolidated, the analysis has shown that policy proposals are profoundly conditioned by the form of understanding language rights and that these in turn are influenced by distinct national projects. EAJ-PNV advocates for an effective equal opportunity to choose between Spanish and Basque in all spheres of use, motivated by its ethnocultural conception of the Basque Nation. The Ezker Abertzalea demands the right to live in Basque throughout the Basque Country with Basque as the common language of its plurilingual state project. The PP focuses on the negative side of language rights based on the common language status of Spanish and the right of citizens to remain monolingual in Spanish.

中文翻译：

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巴斯克自治区关于语言权利的争论

自 1970 年代后期巴斯克-西班牙联合官方语言制度建立并引入振兴巴斯克语（巴斯克语）的进程以来，巴斯克自治区语言多样性的处理一直是一个持续的政治辩论领域。 1980 年代初。大部分争论都体现在与公民的语言权利有关的主张中。本文分析了巴斯克民族主义党 (EAJ-PNV)、阿贝扎尔左翼 (Ezker Abertzalea) 和人民党 (PP) 这三个政治组织中关于语言权利的话语，通过分析它们为巴斯克议会提供的选举计划迄今为止的第一次选举（1980-2016 年）。虽然巴斯克自治区的语言系统似乎已经巩固，分析表明，政策建议深受理解语言权利形式的影响，而这些又受到不同国家项目的影响。EAJ-PNV 提倡在所有使用领域在西班牙语和巴斯克语之间提供有效的平等机会，其动机是其巴斯克民族的民族文化概念。Ezker Abertzalea 要求有权在整个巴斯克地区居住在巴斯克，并将巴斯克作为其多语言国家项目的通用语言。PP 基于西班牙语的共同语言地位和公民保持使用西班牙语的单一语言的权利，侧重于语言权利的消极方面。EAJ-PNV 提倡在所有使用领域在西班牙语和巴斯克语之间提供有效的平等机会，其动机是其巴斯克民族的民族文化概念。Ezker Abertzalea 要求有权在整个巴斯克地区居住在巴斯克，并将巴斯克作为其多语言国家项目的通用语言。PP 基于西班牙语的共同语言地位和公民保持使用西班牙语的单一语言的权利，侧重于语言权利的消极方面。EAJ-PNV 提倡在所有使用领域在西班牙语和巴斯克语之间提供有效的平等机会，其动机是其巴斯克民族的民族文化概念。Ezker Abertzalea 要求有权在整个巴斯克地区居住在巴斯克，并将巴斯克作为其多语言国家项目的通用语言。PP 基于西班牙语的共同语言地位和公民保持使用西班牙语的单一语言的权利，侧重于语言权利的消极方面。