Abstract The past 50 years has witnessed the ongoing development by public defenders of what it means to “provide the effective assistance of counsel” through strong legal advocacy. More recently, many practitioners contend that in addition to the defense attorney, professional support services, such as social workers, paralegals, and criminal investigators, are critical to effective assistance of counsel in indigent defense cases. The umbrella of what we call the holistic defense model covers the most developed concepts and practices of an integrated defense team. The National Center for State Courts (NCSC) evaluated the implementation of holistic defense practices at three public defender offices: the Department of Public Advocacy in Bowling Green, Kentucky; the Hennepin County Public Defender in Minneapolis, Minnesota; and the Rhode Island Public Defender in Providence County, Rhode Island. In all offices, on-site interviews and surveys were conducted with attorneys, judges, social workers, investigators, and others with knowledge of practices at the site. Results from the evaluation clarify (1) how indigent defense providers have implemented the principles of holistic defense in practice, (2) how holistic defense practices vary among providers, and (3) what factors have facilitated or impeded implementation of holistic defense practices. A team-based approach to representation was most prevalent at Hennepin County and Rhode Island, where social workers, investigators, and attorneys worked closely together and perceived themselves to be part of a “defense team,” while local constraints reduced the level of teamwork at Bowling Green. The findings make clear that each site approaches the practice of holistic defense differently, largely driven by local priorities and funding realities.

中文翻译：

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检查贫困国防团队服务的有效性：实践中整体防御的多站点评估

摘要 过去 50 年见证了公设辩护人通过强有力的法律倡导“提供律师的有效协助”的含义不断发展。最近，许多从业者争辩说，除了辩护律师之外，专业的支持服务，如社会工作者、律师助理和刑事调查员，对于在贫困的辩护案件中有效协助律师至关重要。我们称之为整体防御模型的保护伞涵盖了综合防御团队最先进的概念和实践。国家法院中心 (NCSC) 评估了三个公设辩护人办公室的整体辩护实践的实施情况：位于肯塔基州鲍灵格林的公共辩护部；明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯的亨内平县公设辩护人；罗德岛州普罗维登斯县的罗德岛公设辩护人。在所有办公室，对律师、法官、社会工作者、调查员和其他了解现场实践的人进行了现场采访和调查。评估结果阐明了 (1) 贫困防御提供商如何在实践中实施整体防御原则，(2) 整体防御实践在提供商之间有何不同，以及 (3) 哪些因素促进或阻碍了整体防御实践的实施。以团队为基础的代表方法在亨内平县和罗德岛最为流行，那里的社会工作者、调查员和律师密切合作，并认为自己是“辩护团队”的一部分，而当地的限制降低了团队合作的水平。鲍灵格林。