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Speaking Up: Women and Dissenting Behavior in the Supreme Court of Canada
Justice System Journal ( IF 0.707 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-15 , DOI: 10.1080/0098261x.2020.1768185
Susan W. Johnson 1 , Rebecca A. Reid 2
Affiliation  

Abstract The Supreme Court of Canada (SCC) has stronger norms of consensus and preferences for unanimous decisions than its American counterpart. Given this powerful preference for collegial and unanimous decisions, what causes it to break down? Previous literature has left this question largely unexamined, and no empirical research examines how gender affects decisions to dissent on the Supreme Court of Canada. This article thus fills this lacuna by analyzing the role of gender in dissenting behavior on the Supreme Court of Canada from 1984 to 2015. We analyze dissenting behavior in criminal and civil liberties cases, as well as sexual assault and equality cases, which may drive previously identified gender voting differences. We find that women dissent more frequently than their male peers, especially when their policy preferences diverge. Furthermore, we examine three competing theories of social dynamic panel effects to determine how the increased presence of women impact women’s decision to dissent. We find evidence of some self-silencing by women, where women become emboldened to dissent more as more women join the panel. Gender diversification explains dissenting behavior at the Canadian Supreme Court more accurately and across a broader array of case categories than institutional or case-specific legal factors.

中文翻译:

直言不讳:加拿大最高法院的女性和异议行为

摘要 与美国最高法院相比,加拿大最高法院 (SCC) 具有更强的共识规范和对一致决定的偏好。鉴于这种对集体和一致决定的强烈偏好,是什么导致它崩溃?以前的文献基本上没有对这个问题进行审查,也没有实证研究检验性别如何影响加拿大最高法院的异议决定。因此,本文通过分析 1984 年至 2015 年加拿大最高法院的异议行为中性别在异议行为中的作用来填补这一空白。我们分析了刑事和公民自由案件中的异议行为,以及性侵犯和平等案件中的异议行为。确定性别投票差异。我们发现女性比男性同龄人更频繁地提出异议,尤其是当她们的政策偏好不同时。此外,我们研究了社会动态面板效应的三个相互竞争的理论,以确定女性参与度的增加如何影响女性提出异议的决定。我们发现了一些女性自我沉默的证据,随着越来越多的女性加入该小组,女性变得更有胆量提出异议。与制度或特定案件的法律因素相比,性别多样化更准确地解释了加拿大最高法院的异议行为,并涵盖更广泛的案件类别。
更新日期:2020-06-15
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