Miratives have often been thought of as expressing predications which can be schematized as ‘p is Y for the speaker at the time of the utterance’, where Y is some a member of the set {surprising, new information, a sudden revelation, . . . }. While much of the prior literature has discussed the value of Y, this discussion has typically been taken to be primarily a matter of analysis or its conceptual underpinnings rather than an empirical one. In this paper, I examine a new mirative in detail, Yucatec Maya (YM) bak ́ aan, using context-relative felicity judgments to argue that bak ́ aan conventionally encodes sudden revelation rather than these other notions. While I hold that bak ́ aan encodes revelation, I argue that this revelation is not in fact about propositional content per se, but rather is about the appropriateness/utility of the illocutionary update the speaker performs. A sudden revelation that a proposition is true is one such revelation, but other kinds are more clearly illocutionary in nature. Evidence for this position comes not only from bak ́ aan in declarative sentences, but also its use in imperatives and interrogatives. I argue that the range of uses that the use of bak ́ aan as an illocutionary modifier across sentence types sheds light on the kinds of updates they encode, and in particular supports a theory in which declarative updates are more complex than corresponding imperative and interrogative ones.

中文翻译：

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言外之意：尤卡特·玛雅·巴卡安（Yucatec MayaBakáan）和Miratives的类型

人们经常认为反语是表达谓语，可以将其表述为“说话时，说话者的p是Y”，其中Y是集合中的某个成员（令人惊讶，新信息，突然启示，……）。。。}。尽管许多现有文献已经讨论了Y的值，但这种讨论通常被认为主要是分析问题或其概念基础，而不是经验性问题。在本文中，我详细研究了一个新的和平主义者，尤卡特·玛雅（YM）巴克·阿安（Yucatec MayaBaḱaan），他使用上下文相关的喜好性判断认为巴克·阿安通常编码突然的启示，而不是这些其他概念。虽然我认为baḱan是对启示的编码，但我认为这种启示实际上与命题内容本身无关，而是关于说话者执行的语言更新的适当性/实用性。一个命题是真实的突然启示就是这样的启示，但是其他种类在本质上更明显是言外之意。这种立场的证据不仅来自声明性句子中的bak'an，而且还用于命令式和疑问式中。我认为使用baḱan作为跨句子类型的语言修饰语的用途范围揭示了它们所编码的更新种类，特别是支持一种理论，其中声明式更新比相应的命令式和疑问式更复杂。这种立场的证据不仅来自声明性句子中的bak'an，而且还用于命令式和疑问式中。我认为使用baḱan作为跨句子类型的语言修饰语的用途范围揭示了它们所编码的更新种类，特别是支持一种理论，其中声明式更新比相应的命令式和疑问式更复杂。这种立场的证据不仅来自声明性句子中的bak'an，而且还用于命令式和疑问式中。我认为使用baḱan作为句子类型的言语修饰语的用途范围揭示了它们编码的更新种类，特别是支持一种理论，其中声明式更新比相应的命令式和疑问式更复杂。