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Thoughts and prayers – Do they crowd out charity donations?
Journal of Risk and Uncertainty ( IF 3.977 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-19 , DOI: 10.1007/s11166-020-09322-9
Linda Thunström

For centuries, scholars have examined what motivates prosocial behavior. In the U.S., prosocial behavior is routinely accompanied by thoughts and prayers. Yet, the impact on prosocial behavior of such gestures is unknown. We examine how thoughts and prayers affect charity donations to victims of a major public risk—natural disasters. Our analytical framework suggests both thoughts and prayers increase empathy for those receiving such gestures, which may positively impact donations. However, we also find that prayers on behalf of others are regarded as helpful to recipients—we identify them as a moral action—which can generate a counter-veiling substitution effect on donations. On net, our framework suggests prayers crowd out donations to natural disaster victims, while thoughts do not. We test these predictions in three incentivized experiments with Red Cross donations to hurricane victims. Consistent with our model, our main experiment finds prayers reduce donations, while thoughts do not. Two follow-up experiments find results are robust to alternative hurricane locations but may be sensitive to other frames—we find no impact of thoughts or prayers on donations when donations are capped at small amounts. Nevertheless, our results provide the novel insight that prayers may have important effects on material aid in the wake of public catastrophes (in two out of three experiments they crowd out donations), which highlights the importance of research on the impact of prayers on prosocial behavior.

中文翻译:

思想和祈祷–他们是否排挤了慈善捐款?

几个世纪以来,学者们研究了促使亲社会行为的原因。在美国,亲社会行为通常伴随着思想和祈祷。但是,这种手势对亲社会行为的影响尚不清楚。我们研究了思想和祈祷如何影响向主要公共风险(自然灾害)受害者的慈善捐赠。我们的分析框架表明,思想和祈祷会增加接受此类手势的人的同理心,这可能会对捐赠产生积极影响。但是,我们还发现代表他人的祈祷被认为对接收者有帮助-我们将其视为道德行为-可以对捐赠产生反面替代作用。从网络上看,我们的框架建议祈祷能排挤对自然灾害受害者的捐款,而思想却不能。我们在三个激励实验中使用红十字会向飓风受害者捐款来检验这些预测。与我们的模型一致,我们的主要实验发现祈祷减少了捐赠,而思想却没有。两项后续实验发现,结果对其他飓风位置具有稳健性,但对其他框架可能比较敏感-当捐款额度不超过上限时,我们发现思想或祈祷对捐款无影响。然而,我们的结果提供了新颖的见解,即在发生公共灾难之后,祈祷可能会对物质援助产生重要影响(在三分之二的实验中,他们排挤了捐赠),这凸显了研究祈祷对亲社会行为影响的重要性。而思想却没有。两项后续实验发现,结果对其他飓风位置具有稳健性,但对其他框架可能比较敏感-当捐款额度受到限制时,我们发现思想或祈祷对捐款没有影响。然而,我们的结果提供了新颖的见解,即在发生公共灾难之后,祈祷可能会对物质援助产生重要影响(在三分之二的实验中,他们排挤了捐赠),这凸显了研究祈祷对亲社会行为影响的重要性。而思想却没有。两项后续实验发现,结果对其他飓风位置具有稳健性,但对其他框架可能比较敏感-当捐款额度不超过上限时,我们发现思想或祈祷对捐款无影响。然而,我们的结果提供了新颖的见解,即在发生公共灾难之后,祈祷可能会对物质援助产生重要影响(在三分之二的实验中,他们排挤了捐赠),这凸显了研究祈祷对亲社会行为影响的重要性。
更新日期:2020-03-19
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