In two experiments we examined the extent to which musicians identify discrepancies between their intentions and their playing during individual practice. In the first experiment, 60 musicians representing four levels of skill development practiced a familiar piece from their own repertoire for 5 min while being audio recorded. They then listened to their recorded practice and pressed a computer key to mark moments of discrepancy between what they had intended while practicing and what they heard on the recordings. The mean rates of key presses did not differ among the four participant groups, although there were large within-group variances. In the second experiment, 13 high school and 11 expert participants from Experiment 1 returned 2 years later and listened to their original recordings, this time marking moments of discrepancy between what would be their current intentions and what they heard on their 2-year-old recordings. High school participants marked significantly more discrepancies after 2 years than they had in Experiment 1, but the mean rate of key presses among experts did not increase between Experiment 1 and Experiment 2. These results support the notion that the precision of performance goals and the acuity of perceptual discrimination are central features of musical expertise.

中文翻译：

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感知的变化伴随音乐表演技巧的发展

在两个实验中，我们检查了音乐家在个人练习中识别他们的意图和演奏之间差异的程度。在第一个实验中，代表四个技能发展水平的 60 名音乐家在录音的同时练习了他们自己曲目中熟悉的曲目 5 分钟。然后，他们聆听录制的练习并按下计算机键，以标记他们练习时的意图与他们在录音中听到的内容之间的差异时刻。尽管存在很大的组内差异，但四个参与者组的平均按键率没有差异。在第二个实验中，实验 1 的 13 名高中参与者和 11 名专家参与者在 2 年后返回并聆听了他们的原始录音，这一次标志着他们目前的意图与他们在 2 年前的录音中听到的不一致的时刻。高中参与者在 2 年后比实验 1 中的差异显着更多，但专家之间的平均按键率在实验 1 和实验 2 之间没有增加。这些结果支持了绩效目标的准确性和敏锐度的观点知觉辨别力是音乐专业知识的核心特征。