Criticism of economic globalization and technological progress has gained support in Italy in the last two decades but, due to the di↵erentiated exposure of local communities to this process, political outcomes have varied considerably across the country. By observing the local impact of three global economic phenomena (flows of migrants, foreign competition in international trade, and di↵usion of robots) alongside with the patterns of local electoral outcomes potentially associated with discontent, this work analyses from a spatial perspective the economic forces driving the evolution of general elections in 2001, 2008 and 2013 in Italy. The analysis reveals that all these global factors had an impact on political outcomes associated with discontent, albeit in different ways and changing over time. These novel em- pirical results indicate that these global drivers interacted with elements pertaining to the political supply, such as party federation and scandals. By combining various methodological advances coming from the political geography and the political economy literature, this work attempts to bridge disciplines sharing similar interests but adopting di↵erent tools of analysis.

中文翻译：

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全球化、机器人化和选举结果：来自意大利空间回归的证据

在过去的二十年里，对经济全球化和技术进步的批评在意大利获得了支持，但由于当地社区对这一过程的不同暴露，全国各地的政治结果差异很大。通过观察三种全球经济现象（移民流动、国际贸易中的外国竞争和机器人的扩散）的当地影响以及可能与不满情绪相关的当地选举结果的模式，这项工作从空间角度分析了经济推动意大利 2001 年、2008 年和 2013 年大选演变的力量。分析表明，所有这些全球因素都对与不满相关的政治结果产生了影响，尽管以不同的方式并随着时间而变化。这些新颖的实证结果表明，这些全球驱动因素与与政治供给相关的因素相互作用，例如政党联盟和丑闻。通过结合来自政治地理学和政治经济学文献的各种方法论进步，这项工作试图弥合具有相似兴趣但采用不同分析工具的学科。