Nonnative-accented speakers face prevalent discrimination. The assumption that people freely express negative sentiments toward nonnative speakers has also guided common research methods. However, recent studies did not consistently find downgrading, so that prejudice against nonnative accents might even be questioned at first sight. The present theoretical article will bridge these contradictory findings in three ways: (a) We illustrate that nonnative speakers with foreign accents frequently may not be downgraded in commonly used first-impression and employment scenario paradigms. It appears that relatively controlled responding may be influenced by norms and motivations to respond without prejudice, whereas negative biases emerge in spontaneous responding. (b) We present an integrative view based on knowledge on modern forms of prejudice to develop modern notions of accent-ism, which allow for predictions when accent biases are (not) likely to surface. (c) We conclude with implications for interventions and a tailored research agenda.

中文翻译：

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现代口音主义概念：非本地口音干预和研究的发现、概念化和启示

非母语口音的人面临普遍的歧视。人们对非母语人士自由表达负面情绪的假设也指导了常见的研究方法。然而，最近的研究并没有始终如一地发现降级，因此对非母语口音的偏见甚至可能乍一看受到质疑。本理论文章将以三种方式弥合这些相互矛盾的发现：（a）我们说明，在常用的第一印象和就业情景范式中，具有外国口音的非母语人士可能不会经常被降级。似乎相对受控的反应可能会受到规范和动机的影响，没有偏见地作出反应，而消极偏见则出现在自发反应中。(b) 我们提出了一种基于现代偏见形式知识的综合观点，以发展现代口音主义概念，当口音偏见可能（不）可能出现时，可以进行预测。(c) 我们总结了对干预和量身定制的研究议程的影响。