In recent years, various actors — states, judges, and commentators alike — have taken issue with the way international adjudicators have approached precedent. Criticism has been levelled, in particular, to the phenomenon of ‘obiter dicta’ (observations that, though not necessary for the decision, are nonetheless included in it), which have been found to amount to a symptom of bad decision-making or, from the perspective of the adjudicator using them, bad precedent-following. This article addresses this debate by resituating the issue within a more grounded discussion of the theory of precedent in international adjudication, providing an in-depth theoretical and empirical analysis of the practice, and seeks to frame it within in the broader phenomenon of ‘textualization’. By doing so, it strives to clarify the use, authority, and ultimate function of obiter dicta, as well as of precedent in general, in international adjudication.

中文翻译：

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“知识梦境的海市蜃楼”？Ratio、Obiter 和国际先例的文本化

近年来，各种行为者——国家、法官和评论员——都对国际裁判员处理先例的方式提出了质疑。批评尤其针对“obiter dicta”现象（尽管对决策没有必要，但仍包含在其中的观察结果），这被认为是决策失误的征兆，或者，从使用它们的裁决者的角度来看，糟糕的先例遵循。本文通过将这一问题重新置于对国际裁决先例理论的更深入的讨论中，对实践进行深入的理论和实证分析，并试图将其纳入更广泛的“文本化”现象中来解决这一争论。 . 通过这样做，它努力澄清使用、权限、