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Class, Gender, and Rhoticity: The Social Stratification of Non-Prevocalic /r/ in Edinburgh Speech
Journal of English Linguistics ( IF 0.542 ) Pub Date : 2017-07-07 , DOI: 10.1177/0075424217718024
Victoria Dickson 1 , Lauren Hall-Lew 1
Affiliation  

Despite the prominence of socioeconomic status as a factor in models of English variation, few studies have explicitly considered speakers whose social class status changed over their lifetime. This paper presents an auditory and acoustic analysis of variation in non-prevocalic /r/ among middle-aged adults from Edinburgh, Scotland. The speakers represent three groups: the Established Middle Class (EMC) and the Working Class (WC), both of which are characterized as socioeconomically non-mobile, and a third group we call the New Middle Class (NMC), comprising individuals born to working-class families and living middle-class lives at the time of data collection. The results demonstrate that realizations of /r/ have a significant correlation with socioeconomic status, and that the effect of class further interacts with gender. NMC speakers demonstrate the highest level of rhoticity of all three groups. In contrast, WC men show extensive derhoticization and deletion, while WC women show patterns of rhoticity that are more comparable to the NMC women. The EMC speakers show more non-rhoticity than either the NMC speakers or the WC women. A consideration of the indexical value of weak rhoticity highlights the need for more robust phonetic measures distinguishing non-rhoticity from derhoticization, and to that end we consider the cue of post-vocalic frication. Overall, the results point to the need to conceptualize socioeconomic status as potentially fluid and changeable across the lifespan, thereby improving models of the relationship between social class and linguistic variation.

中文翻译:

阶级、性别和流氓:爱丁堡演讲中非声调 /r/ 的社会分层

尽管社会经济地位是英语变异模型中的一个重要因素,但很少有研究明确考虑过社会阶层地位在其一生中发生变化的说话者。本文介绍了苏格兰爱丁堡中年人非声前 /r/ 变化的听觉和声学分析。演讲者代表三个群体:既定的中产阶级 (EMC) 和工人阶级 (WC),这两个群体的特征是社会经济上没有流动性;第三个群体我们称为新中产阶级 (NMC),包括出生于数据收集时的工人阶级家庭和中产阶级生活。结果表明,/r/的实现与社会经济地位显着相关,阶级的影响进一步与性别相互作用。NMC 演讲者在所有三组中表现出最高水平的发声。相比之下,WC 男性表现出广泛的 derhoticization 和缺失,而 WC 女性表现出与 NMC 女性更相似的唇色模式。EMC 演讲者比 NMC 演讲者或 WC 女性表现出更多的非性。对弱发音的索引值的考虑突出了对区分非发音和非发音的更强大的语音测量的需要,为此我们考虑了后声部摩擦的线索。总体而言,结果表明需要将社会经济地位概念化为在整个生命周期中具有潜在的流动性和可变性,从而改进社会阶层和语言变异之间关系的模型。WC 男性表现出广泛的皮肤脱色和缺失,而 WC 女性表现出与 NMC 女性更相似的唇色模式。EMC 演讲者比 NMC 演讲者或 WC 女性表现出更多的非性。对弱发音的索引值的考虑突出了对区分非发音和非发音的更强大的语音测量的需要,为此我们考虑了后声部摩擦的线索。总体而言,结果表明需要将社会经济地位概念化为在整个生命周期中具有潜在的流动性和可变性,从而改进社会阶层和语言变异之间关系的模型。WC 男性表现出广泛的皮肤脱色和缺失,而 WC 女性表现出与 NMC 女性更相似的唇色模式。EMC 演讲者比 NMC 演讲者或 WC 女性表现出更多的非性。对弱发音的索引值的考虑突出了对区分非发音和非发音的更强大的语音测量的需要,为此我们考虑了后声部摩擦的线索。总体而言,结果表明需要将社会经济地位概念化为在整个生命周期中具有潜在的流动性和可变性,从而改进社会阶层和语言变异之间关系的模型。EMC 演讲者比 NMC 演讲者或 WC 女性表现出更多的非性。对弱发音的索引值的考虑突出了对区分非发音和非发音的更强大的语音测量的需要,为此我们考虑了后声部摩擦的线索。总体而言,结果表明需要将社会经济地位概念化为在整个生命周期中具有潜在的流动性和可变性,从而改进社会阶层与语言变异之间关系的模型。EMC 演讲者比 NMC 演讲者或 WC 女性表现出更多的非性。对弱发音的索引值的考虑突出了对区分非发音和非发音的更强大的语音测量的需要,为此我们考虑了后声部摩擦的线索。总体而言,结果表明需要将社会经济地位概念化为在整个生命周期中具有潜在的流动性和可变性,从而改进社会阶层和语言变异之间关系的模型。
更新日期:2017-07-07
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