Many studies examine the relationship between aging and economic growth; however, only a few theoretical studies find a possible non-linear relationship. Thus, this study theoretically investigates the impact of population aging on economies. We construct a three-period overlapping generations model with two sectors: non-education and education. We assume that learning-by-doing effects compound as the share of employment increases and improves productivity. Both adults and old agents consume non-education goods and services, while only adults demand education services for their children to gain human capital. Our results demonstrate that whether an increase in life expectancy positively or negatively influences income growth per capita depends on the productivity of the non-education and education sectors.

中文翻译：

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人口变化、人力资本积累和部门就业

许多研究考察了老龄化与经济增长之间的关系；然而，只有少数理论研究发现了可能的非线性关系。因此，本研究从理论上探讨人口老龄化对经济的影响。我们构建了一个包含两个部门的三时期重叠世代模型：非教育和教育。我们假设边干边学的效果随着就业份额的增加和生产力的提高而复合。成年人和老年代理人都消费非教育商品和服务，而只有成年人需要为他们的孩子提供教育服务以获得人力资本。我们的结果表明，预期寿命的增加是对人均收入增长产生积极影响还是消极影响取决于非教育和教育部门的生产力。