This paper constructs an original database on physical capital, labor, education, GDP, innovations, technology spillovers, and institutions to analyze the proximate determinants of British economic growth since 1270. Several approaches are taken in the paper to tackle endogeneity. We show that education has been the most important driver of income growth during the period 1270–2010, followed by knowledge stock and fixed capital, while institutions have not been robust determinants of growth. The contribution of education has been equally important before and after the first Industrial Revolution. Overall, the results give strong support to the predictions of Unified Growth Theories.

中文翻译：

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1270年以来的英国经济增长：教育的作用

本文构建了一个有关实物资本，劳动力，教育，GDP，创新，技术溢出和机构的原始数据库，以分析自1270年以来英国经济增长的近因。本文采用了几种方法来解决内生性问题。我们表明，在1270年至2010年期间，教育一直是收入增长的最重要驱动力，其次是知识储备和固定资本，而制度并不是增长的有力决定因素。第一次工业革命前后，教育的贡献同样重要。总体而言，这些结果为统一增长理论的预测提供了有力的支持。