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Marketisation of higher education and dual-track tuition fee system in post-Soviet countries
International Journal of Educational Development ( IF 1.873 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2020.102265
Anna Smolentseva

Abstract The marketization of higher education in the 15 countries that were formally part of the USSR has established a system model that is distinctive within world higher education, the dual-track tuition system. The foundations of this model were established in the economic liberalization of late Soviet period which facilitated a common pattern in higher education across the post-Soviet countries. Although a private sector has been established, the primary mode of marketization has taken place within the public sector. This remains dominant but has been split into two heterogenous segments in terms of funding and student selection. National systems, and individual institutions, have become divided between state-subsidized higher scoring students, and fee-paying lower performing students, creating different valuations and behaviours for the two segments. National standardized testing is an important instrument of marketization, shaping student selection and institutional differentiation and legitimating the unequal social outcomes that result. Empirical comparison across the 15 countries demonstrates a high level of privatisation of costs, largely because of private funding within public sector. This system model, which is incoherent and fosters a large-scale commitment to non-excellence, reflects a larger duality within post-Soviet societies and polities which remains unresolved. Higher education is riven between the Soviet egalitarian legacy of higher education as a public good, and the post-Soviet moment of the late 1980s and 1990s in which policy shaped by Anglo-American neoliberal thinking set out to turn education into a consumer choice on the basis of an abstract formula of the ideal market.

中文翻译:

后苏联国家高等教育市场化和双轨制学费制度

摘要 苏联正式加入的15个国家的高等教育市场化形成了世界高等教育中独具特色的双轨制学费制度。这种模式的基础是在苏联后期的经济自由化中建立的,这促进了后苏联国家高等教育的共同模式。虽然私营部门已经建立,但市场化的主要模式发生在公共部门。这仍然占主导地位,但在资金和学生选择方面已分为两个不同的部分。国家系统和个别机构已经在国家补贴的高分学生和付费的低绩效学生之间产生分歧,为这两个细分市场创造不同的估值和行为。国家标准化考试是市场化的重要工具,塑造学生选择和制度差异,并使由此产生的不平等社会结果合法化。对 15 个国家的实证比较表明,成本私有化程度很高,这主要是因为公共部门内的私人资金。这种不连贯的系统模型会促进对非卓越的大规模承诺,反映了后苏联社会和政体中尚未解决的更大的二元性。高等教育在苏联平等主义的高等教育作为公共物品的遗产之间分裂,
更新日期:2020-10-01
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