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When it’s harder to ignorar than to ignore: Evidence of greater attentional capture from a non-dominant language
International Journal of Bilingualism ( IF 1.721 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-27 , DOI: 10.1177/1367006920915277
Sayuri Hayakawa 1 , Anthony Shook 1 , Viorica Marian 1
Affiliation  

Aims and Objectives: Imagine you’re driving and you become so distracted by the radio that you miss your turn. Which is more likely to have caught your attention, a broadcast in your native tongue or one in your second language? The present study explores the effect of language proficiency on our ability to inhibit irrelevant phonological information. Methodology: Participants were asked to identify which of two drawings changed color while ignoring irrelevant words in either their native language, English, or a less proficient language, Spanish. The drawings appeared on screen for either 200 or 2000 ms prior to word-onset, which was followed 200 ms later by a color-change. On critical trials, the irrelevant word shared phonological features with the label of the non-target drawing. Trials were blocked by preview time and language. Data and Analysis: Reaction time data from 19 bilinguals were analyzed utilizing generalized linear mixed-effects models, with fixed effects of Competition (competitor vs. control), and Language (English vs. Spanish) and random effects for Subject and Item within each preview window. Findings/Conclusions: No interference was observed when participants heard their native tongue in either preview condition. However, participants in the long-preview condition were significantly slower to respond when there was phonological competition in their less proficient language, despite the fact that the task required no language processing. Originality: Past work has indicated that languages are processed more automatically and cause greater interference as proficiency increases. We propose that though higher-proficiency languages may receive greater activation overall, lower-proficiency languages may be more likely to exogenously capture attention due to both relatively greater salience, and relatively less control. Significance: The present findings have implications for how we understand the dynamic relationship between language proficiency, activation, and inhibition, suggesting that the salience of the less familiar influences our ability to ignore irrelevant information.

中文翻译:

当忽视比忽视更难时:从非主导语言中获得更多注意力的证据

目的和目标: 想象一下你正在开车,你被收音机分心,以至于错过了轮到你的机会。哪个更可能引起您的注意,您的母语广播还是您的第二语言广播?本研究探讨了语言能力对我们抑制不相关语音信息能力的影响。方法:参与者被要求确定两张图中哪一张改变了颜色,同时忽略了他们的母语英语或不太熟练的语言西班牙语中的不相关单词。在文字开始之前,这些图画在屏幕上出现了 200 或 2000 毫秒,然后在 200 毫秒后发生了颜色变化。在批判性试验中,不相关的词与非目标图的标签共享语音特征。预览时间和语言阻止了试验。数据和分析:使用广义线性混合效应模型分析了 19 名双语者的反应时间数据,具有竞争(竞争对手与控制)和语言(英语与西班牙语)的固定效应以及每个预览中主题和项目的随机效应窗户。结果/结论:当参与者在任一预览条件下听到他们的母语时,都没有观察到干扰。然而,尽管任务不需要语言处理,但在他们不太熟练的语言中存在语音竞争时,长期预览条件下的参与者的反应明显较慢。独创性:过去的工作表明,随着熟练程度的提高,语言的处理更加自动化,并造成更大的干扰。我们建议,虽然较高熟练度的语言总体上可能会获得更大的激活,但由于相对较高的显着性和相对较少的控制,较低熟练度的语言可能更有可能外生地吸引注意力。意义:目前的研究结果对我们如何理解语言能力、激活和抑制之间的动态关系有影响,这表明不太熟悉的事物的显着性会影响我们忽略不相关信息的能力。
更新日期:2020-04-27
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