• Since the notion of fairness underpins the regimes of competition, data protection and consumer law, it can act as a connecting factor to align substantive protections and enforcement mechanisms in the three fields. • While most attention has so far been devoted to how vigorous competition enforcement can render data protection rules more effective, the complementarity between the regimes also works the other way around. • In particular, substantive data protection or consumer law principles can be integrated into competition analysis so as to strengthen the ability of competition authorities to tackle new forms of commercial conduct. • At the same time, the competition concepts of market definition and market power can help to interpret the scale of obligations that data controllers and processors have to comply with under data protection law in line with the risk-based approach of the General Data Protection Regulation. • Tensions occur where competition enforcement favours sharing or merging of datasets for economic efficiency reasons against the spirit of the data protection rules, but there is also room for synergies by involving data protection or consumer authorities in merger investigations and by considering data protection or consumer interests more proactively in the design of merger remedies.

中文翻译：

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公平与执法：桥接竞争、数据保护和消费者法

• 由于公平的概念是竞争、数据保护和消费者法制度的基础，因此它可以作为一个连接因素，使这三个领域的实质性保护和执法机制保持一致。• 虽然迄今为止大部分注意力都集中在激烈的竞争执法如何使数据保护规则更加有效，但制度之间的互补性也反过来发挥作用。• 特别是，可以将实质性数据保护或消费者法原则纳入竞争分析，以加强竞争主管部门应对新形式商业行为的能力。• 同时，市场定义和市场支配力的竞争概念可以帮助解释数据控制者和处理者必须根据数据保护法遵守的义务范围，与通用数据保护条例的基于风险的方法相一致。• 当竞争执法出于经济效率原因而倾向于共享或合并数据集的情况与数据保护规则的精神背道而驰时，就会出现紧张局势，但通过让数据保护或消费者当局参与合并调查以及考虑数据保护或消费者利益，也存在协同增效的空间更积极地设计合并补救措施。