We propose an analysis of platform competition based on the academic literature with a view towards competition policy. First, we discuss to which extent competition can emerge in digital markets and show which forms it can take. In particular, we underline the role of dynamics, but also of platform differentiation, consumers multi-homing and beliefs to allow competition in platform markets. Second, we analyze competition policy issues and discuss how rules designed for standard markets can perform in two-sided markets. We show that multi-sided externalities create new opportunities for anti-competitive conducts, often related to pricing and contractual imperfections.

我们提出基于学术文献的平台竞争分析，以期制定竞争政策。首先，我们讨论竞争在何种程度上可以出现在数字市场中，并说明它可以采取哪种形式。特别是，我们强调动态因素的作用，也强调平台差异化，消费者的多重归属和允许平台市场竞争的信念。其次，我们分析竞争政策问题，并讨论为标准市场设计的规则如何在双面市场中执行。我们表明，多方面的外部性为反竞争行为创造了新的机会，这些反竞争行为通常与定价和合同缺陷有关。