Much has been written about the relationship of giftedness and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as the relationship between ADHD and underachievement. The present study examined whether students who were identified as gifted underachievers were more likely to manifest symptoms of ADHD, as measured by the ADHD-IV. Over half of the gifted underachievers met the screening criteria for ADHD based on teacher reports, and almost 30% of the gifted underachievers met the screening criteria for ADHD based on parent reports. Most of these students had elevated scores on the inattention scale. The prevalence of inattention was over 2 times as high as the prevalence in the norming sample using the teacher rating scales and over 5 times as high as the prevalence in the norming sample using the parent rating scales. Although parents and teachers rated students similarly on the hyperactivity scale, teachers rated students as more inattentive than parents did. However, elevated parent ratings of inattention negatively predicted students’ self-regulation, goal valuation, and self-efficacy. Self-regulation was most strongly related to inattention. We cannot know whether the gifted underachievers with high inattention scores have undiagnosed ADHD. However, our results suggest that a substantial percentage of gifted underachievers exhibit attentional problems at home, and that these attentional problems are severe enough to merit further examination.

中文翻译：

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注意注意力不集中：在成绩不佳的天才学生样本中探索 ADHD 症状

关于天赋与注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 的关系，以及 ADHD 与成绩不佳之间的关系，已经有很多文章。本研究调查了被认定为有天赋的后进生的学生是否更有可能表现出 ADHD-IV 所衡量的 ADHD 症状。根据老师的报告，超过一半的天才低等学生符合多动症的筛查标准，而根据家长报告，近 30% 的天才低学生符合多动症的筛选标准。这些学生中的大多数在注意力不集中量表上的分数都很高。注意力不集中的发生率是使用教师评分量表的规范样本中发生率的 2 倍以上，是使用父母评分量表的规范样本中发生率的 5 倍以上。尽管家长和老师在多动量表上对学生的评价相似，但老师认为学生比家长更不专心。然而，家长对注意力不集中的评分升高会对学生的自我调节、目标评估和自我效能产生负面影响。自我调节与注意力不集中最密切相关。我们无法知道注意力不集中得分高的天才后进生是否患有未确诊的多动症。然而，我们的研究结果表明，很大一部分有天赋的后进生在家中表现出注意力问题，这些注意力问题严重到值得进一步检查。目标评估和自我效能。自我调节与注意力不集中最密切相关。我们无法知道注意力不集中得分高的天才后进生是否患有未确诊的多动症。然而，我们的研究结果表明，很大一部分有天赋的后进生在家中表现出注意力问题，这些注意力问题严重到值得进一步检查。目标评估和自我效能。自我调节与注意力不集中最密切相关。我们无法知道注意力不集中得分高的天才后进生是否患有未确诊的多动症。然而，我们的研究结果表明，很大一部分有天赋的后进生在家中表现出注意力问题，这些注意力问题严重到值得进一步检查。