Demonstrations, rallies, boycotts, and other forms of protest were common under apartheid in South Africa. Using a compilation of more than 150 geocoded protests between 1948 and 1990, this paper compares people affected and unaffected by protests at every age throughout childhood. Exposure to protests before age 14 was associated with 2.7 percent fewer years of completed schooling. This difference was larger following violent protests, and for African residents of South Africa. On the other hand, people who experienced protests as children were up to 6.9 percent more likely to be employed as adults. The paper considers social solidarity as a possible channel connecting protests to changes in education and employment, and finds that places that had more protests during apartheid had lower reported levels of trust and physical safety in the years after apartheid ended.

在南非的种族隔离制度下，示威，集会，抵制和其他形式的抗议活动很普遍。本文使用了1948年至1990年间150多个地理编码的抗议活动的汇编，比较了整个童年时期各个年龄段受抗议影响和未受影响的人。14岁之前参加抗议活动的人与受教育年限相比减少了2.7％。暴力抗议之后以及南非的非洲居民之间的差异更大。另一方面，在儿童时期经历过抗议的人们被成年人雇佣的可能性增加了6.9％。本文认为社会团结是将抗议活动与教育和就业变化联系起来的可能渠道，