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Special Education Policy Prospects: Lessons From Social Policies Past
Exceptionality ( IF 1.253 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-04 , DOI: 10.1080/09362835.2020.1727326
James M. Kauffman 1 , Bernd Ahrbeck 2 , Dimitris Anastasiou 3 , Jeanmarie Badar 4 , Marion Felder 5 , Betty A. Hallenbeck 6
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT

Social policies can be well-intentioned but ineffective in achieving what is intended. They can be undermined or destroyed by their exaggerated or oversimplified caricatures with a single, narrow focus. Caricatures may result in the opposite of the original intent of more carefully crafted variants. Institutionalization and deinstitutionalization are used as examples of a full cycle of policy failure. The shift from mandatory special education to the full inclusion movement (FIM) internationally is noted. Nowadays, the FIM maintains a narrow focus on one aspect of the U. S. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), with a deeply erroneous interpretation of the least restrictive environment (LRE) requirement. In giving comparatively little attention to other parts of the U. S. law, including free appropriate public education (FAPE), the individual education plan (IEP), and a continuum of alternative placements (CAP), the FIM may become a caricature; emphasizing physical/spatial inclusion to the neglect of FAPE and learning, it may achieve the opposite of what was intended. Not accidentally, IDEA has been criticized as outdated, and it could be revised detrimentally if such criticism, accompanied by alarming international policy trends, dominate thinking about special education. Recommendations are made for learning from the history of social policy, including the institutionalization/deinstitutionalization movements.



中文翻译:

特殊教育政策的前景:过去社会政策的教训

摘要

社会政策本可以很好地实现,但在实现预期目标方面效果不佳。它们可能会因其放大或过分简化的漫画而受到破坏或破坏,而这些漫画只有一个狭窄的焦点。讽刺漫画可能会导致与更精心制作的变体的初衷相反。制度化和非制度化被用作政策失败的整个周期的例子。在国际上,从强制性特殊教育向全面融合运动(FIM)的转变已得到关注。如今,FIM一直只关注《美国残疾人教育法案》的一个方面(IDEA),对最小限制性环境(LRE)要求的解释有误。由于对美国法律其他部分的关注相对较少,包括免费的适当公共教育(FAPE),个人教育计划(IEP)和替代安置的连续性(CAP),FIM可能会成为讽刺漫画;强调物理/空间包容性而忽视了FAPE和学习,这可能与预期相反。并非偶然,IDEA被批评为过时了,如果这种批评伴随着令人震惊的国际政策趋势而主导着对特殊教育的思考,则可以对其进行不利地修改。建议从社会政策的历史中学习,包括制度化/非制度化运动。

更新日期:2020-03-04
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