Summer reading programs are a form of extended school year services for students in special education. However, previous studies have not reported including high percentages of participants in special education, nor have studies sufficiently controlled for selection bias. This study combined propensity score weighting with partially clustered models to examine the effects of a summer reading program on the growth in reading skills of K–4 students, roughly 50% to 75% of whom were in special education. Results suggest that students in most grades improved on some but not all skills. However, fewer improvements were apparent when participating students were compared with peers via propensity score analyses. In addition, Grade 3 students in the control group outperformed their peers who attended summer school.

中文翻译：

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定义有阅读障碍或有阅读障碍风险的小学生的暑期收获

暑期阅读计划是为特殊教育学生提供的一种延长学年服务形式。然而，以前的研究没有报告包括高比例的特殊教育参与者，也没有研究充分控制选择偏差。本研究将倾向得分加权与部分聚类模型相结合，以检验暑期阅读计划对 K-4 学生阅读技能增长的影响，其中大约 50% 至 75% 的学生接受特殊教育。结果表明，大多数年级的学生在某些但不是全部技能上都有所提高。然而，当通过倾向评分分析将参与的学生与同龄人进行比较时，明显的改进较少。此外，对照组的三年级学生的表现优于参加暑期学校的同龄人。