In this article, we unpack Baumol’s (J Polit Econ 98(5):893–921, 1990) theory of entrepreneurship’s outcomes (productive, unproductive, and destructive) in a framework of failing institutions, considering that entrepreneurship is instead first characterized by two non-mutually exclusive types of behavior (conforming versus evasive). We hypothesize that the evasive activity (firm-level corruption) is undertaken as a second-best response to poor institutional quality, supporting the conforming activity. Using instrumental variable panel regression in the context of Indonesia, we evidence the mediating effect of bribing on the relation between local institutional quality and new business density, thus unveiling the real effect of institutional quality on entrepreneurship.

中文翻译：

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机构素质，合规和回避的企业家精神

在本文中，我们将鲍莫尔的理论（J Polit Econ 98（5）：893-921，1990）在失败的制度框架下分解为企业家的成果（生产性，非生产性和破坏性）理论，考虑到企业家精神首先具有两个特征非互斥类型的行为（顺从与回避）。我们假设，回避活动（企业级腐败）是对机构质量较差的次佳反应，支持了符合性活动。在印度尼西亚的背景下，通过使用工具变量面板回归，我们证明了贿赂对当地机构质量与新业务密度之间关系的中介作用，从而揭示了机构质量对企业家精神的真正影响。