This paper examines the efficacy of the Australian points system in a family context among working‐age permanent resident immigrants who arrived between 2000 and 2011 when there was a major focus on skills selection. Sixty‐seven per cent of these immigrants were granted a skilled visa while 25 per cent hold a spousal visa (spouses of Australian citizens). More than half of the skilled visa recipients are the spouses of the primary applicants. Primary applicants among skilled visa holders are assessed for their skills in line with the Australian points system but secondary applicants, such as spouses, among skilled visa holders and spousal visa holders are not subject to any skills assessment before becoming permanent residents. We study differences in economic outcomes by permanent visa types and the role of points system factors in explaining these differences using the Personal Income Tax and Migrants Integrated Dataset and the Australian Census Longitudinal Dataset. We find that primary skilled visa holders earn at least 26–28 per cent more than spousal visa holders, and this is similar for both genders. However, spouses of primary skilled visa holders earn 13–18 per cent more than spousal visa holders. This difference is higher among females than males. Occupation differences can account for nearly half of the differences in income and can entirely capture the role of education and English proficiency. Primary skilled immigrants and their spouses have higher rates of labour force participation and employment than spousal visa holders, starting in the first year of arrival, and the gap is much higher for primary skilled visa holders, but these differences do not disappear quickly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

中文翻译：

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澳大利亚的移民选择系统和家庭背景下的劳动力市场结果：来自行政数据的证据*

本文在 2000 年至 2011 年期间主要关注技能选择的工作年龄永久居民移民中，研究了澳大利亚积分制度在家庭背景下的有效性。这些移民中有 67% 获得了技术签证，而 25% 持有配偶签证（澳大利亚公民的配偶）。超过一半的技术签证获得者是主申请人的配偶。技术签证持有者中的主要申请人根据澳大利亚积分系统进行技能评估，但技术签证持有者和配偶签证持有者中的次要申请人（例如配偶）在成为永久居民之前无需进行任何技能评估。我们使用个人所得税和移民综合数据集和澳大利亚人口普查纵向数据集研究永久签证类型的经济结果差异以及积分系统因素在解释这些差异方面的作用。我们发现初级技术签证持有者的收入至少比配偶签证持有者高 26% 至 28%，这对男女来说都是相似的。然而，初级技术签证持有人的配偶收入比配偶签证持有人高 13-18%。这种差异在女性中高于男性。职业差异可以占收入差异的近一半，并且可以完全捕捉教育和英语水平的作用。初级技术移民及其配偶的劳动力参与率和就业率高于配偶签证持有者，从抵达的第一年开始，初级技术签证持有者的差距要大得多，但这些差异不会很快消失。[作者摘要]