Cross-border data flows management and privacy protection are placed high in the international digital agenda due to unprecedented growth in the volume and pace of data collection, processing, storage and transfer globally. Despite the high importance of data flows regulation and its serious influence on all enterprises involved in digital economy, there is little research conducted in Russia and systemizing the national strategies in this sphere of regulation. The article provides an overview of the existing approaches of different countries to data protection, transfer (cross-border included) and storage, analyses the impact of regulation on international trade flows, and develops proposals for possible measures to reduce costs for companies in the digital age. The research discovers that today most countries of the world regulate personal data and other categories of sensitive data flows through the introduction of either a separate law or data protection provisions in the relevant sectoral laws. The countries’ approaches range from a complete ban on the cross-border transfer of all or certain categories of data to foreign countries to complete liberalization in this area. The most common approach is the introduction of one or several restrictions from the set of measures related to cross-border data transfers: data localization requirement; limitations on the number or type of countries to which sensitive data can be transferred without additional requirements; and the requirement of the personal data subject’s consent or responsible public authorities’ permission.

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规范数据保护，传输和存储的全球经验

由于全球范围内数据收集，处理，存储和传输的数量和步伐空前增长，跨境数据流管理和隐私保护已在国际数字议程中占据较高位置。尽管数据流监管非常重要，并且对涉及数字经济的所有企业都产生了严重影响，但俄罗斯很少进行研究，也没有在监管领域将国家战略系统化。本文概述了不同国家在数据保护，传输（包括跨境）和存储方面的现有方法，分析了法规对国际贸易流的影响，并提出了降低数字公司成本的可行措施的建议。年龄。研究发现，当今世界上大多数国家都通过在相关行业法中引入单独的法律或数据保护条款来规范个人数据和其他类别的敏感数据流。这些国家采取的措施包括全面禁止将所有或某些类别的数据跨境转移到外国，以实现该领域的自由化。最常见的方法是从一组与跨境数据传输相关的措施中引入一个或几个限制：数据本地化要求；无需额外要求即可将敏感数据传输到的国家数量或类型的限制；以及获得个人数据主体同意或主管公共当局许可的要求。