Phonological processing deficit is a hallmark of developmental dyslexia indicating a core cognitive dysfunction. Importance of working memory in reading and its association with the tasks measuring phonological processing is also debated in research. The present study investigates the role of working memory, phonological, and orthographic processing in Hindi‐speaking dyslexic children (22 dyslexic and 23 control, of Grade 4). Hindi has a consistent symbol‐sound mapping with an extensive list of visually complex graphemes. Although consistent symbol‐sound mapping facilitates reading, graphemic complexity has its cost on memory. A range of tasks measuring phonological processing, working memory, and orthographic knowledge was designed and administered. Dyslexic children scored significantly lower than controls not only on working memory tasks but also on the tasks of phonological processing and orthographic knowledge. Moreover, the difference in working memory between dyslexic and normal children was more pronounced with increased task complexity. These results highlight complex relationships between working memory, phonological and orthographic processing together with visual attentional processing in Hindi, that contribute to the reading deficits encountered by children with dyslexia. Their respective contributions are considered in the discussion with some of the visual and phonological features of Hindi orthography and their associated effects in reading.

中文翻译：

---

印地语读者的阅读障碍：一致的声音符号在阅读中有帮助吗？语音和视觉空间工作记忆的证据

语音处理缺陷是发展性阅读障碍的标志，表明核心的认知功能障碍。研究中还讨论了工作记忆在阅读中的重要性及其与测量语音处理过程的关系。本研究调查了在北印度语的阅读障碍儿童（4年级的22个阅读障碍和23个对照）中工作记忆，语音和拼字处理的作用。印地语具有一致的符号声音映射，其中包含大量视觉复杂的字素。尽管一致的符号声音映射有助于读取，但字形复杂性却要消耗内存。设计并管理了一系列测量语音处理，工作记忆和拼字知识的任务。诵读困难的孩子不仅在工作记忆任务上，而且在语音处理和拼字知识方面的得分也明显低于对照组。此外，阅读障碍者与正常儿童之间的工作记忆差异随着任务复杂性的增加而更加明显。这些结果突出了印地语中工作记忆，语音和正字法处理以及视觉注意处理之间的复杂关系，这导致了阅读障碍儿童的阅读障碍。在讨论中考虑了它们各自的贡献以及北印度文正字法的一些视觉和语音特征以及它们在阅读中的相关影响。阅读障碍者和正常儿童之间的工作记忆差异随着任务复杂性的增加而更加明显。这些结果突出了印地语中工作记忆，语音和正字法处理以及视觉注意处理之间的复杂关系，这导致了阅读障碍儿童的阅读障碍。在讨论中考虑了它们各自的贡献以及北印度文正字法的一些视觉和语音特征以及它们在阅读中的相关影响。阅读障碍者和正常儿童之间的工作记忆差异随着任务复杂性的增加而更加明显。这些结果凸显了工作记忆，语音和正字法处理以及印地语中的视觉注意处理之间的复杂关系，这导致阅读障碍儿童的阅读障碍。在讨论中考虑了它们各自的贡献以及北印度文正字法的一些视觉和语音特征以及它们在阅读中的相关影响。