Reading is vital to every aspect of modern life, exacerbated by reliance of the internet, email, and social media on the written medium. Developmental dyslexia (DD) characterizes a disorder in which the core deficit involves reading. Traditionally, DD is thought to be associated with a phonological impairment. However, recent evidence has begun to suggest that the reading impairment in some individuals is provoked by a visual processing deficit. In this paper, we present WISC‐IV data from more than 300 Italian children with a diagnosis of DD to investigate the manifestation of phonological and visual subtypes. Our results indicate the existence of two clusters of children with DD. In one cluster, the deficit was more pronounced in the phonological component, while both clusters were impaired in visual processing. These data indicate that DD may be an umbrella term that encompasses different profiles. From a theoretical perspective, our results demonstrate that dyslexia cannot be explained in terms of an isolated phonological deficit alone; visual impairment plays a crucial role. Moreover, general rather than specific accounts of DD are discussed.

中文翻译：

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患有发育性阅读障碍的孩子都一样吗？包含300多个案例的聚类分析

阅读对于现代生活的各个方面都至关重要，而互联网，电子邮件和社交媒体对书面媒体的依赖则加剧了阅读。发展性阅读障碍（DD）是一种疾病，其核心缺陷涉及阅读。传统上，DD被认为与语音障碍有关。但是，最近的证据开始表明某些人的阅读障碍是由视觉加工缺陷引起的。在本文中，我们提供了来自300例诊断为DD的意大利儿童的WISC-IV数据，以研究语音和视觉亚型的表现。我们的结果表明存在DD儿童的两个簇。在一个群集中，语音成分中的缺陷更加明显，而在视觉处理中两个群集均受到损害。这些数据表明DD可能是涵盖不同配置文件的总称。从理论的角度来看，我们的结果表明，诵读困难不能仅通过孤立的语音缺陷来解释。视觉障碍起着至关重要的作用。此外，讨论了DD的一般帐户而不是特定帐户。