This study examined reasoning skills in children, specifically transitive reasoning and the visual impedance effect, with a new visual/pictorial task. The visual impedance effect is the effect produced by the possible interference in the reasoning process of irrelevant details elicited from the premises of a reasoning task. The new task had no reading requirements, which made it suitable for testing reasoning in primary school children, especially children with reading difficulties (RD), such as dyslexia. The study aimed also to validate the possible use of the task for studying reasoning and detecting the visual impedance effect without the interference of reading skills and to investigate the association between transitive reasoning and reading abilities. A pilot study (N = 10) was used to test the suitability of the new task for primary school children. Afterwards, the task was tested on a larger sample of children of third to sixth Grade, with and without RD (N = 84). Results showed that the new task is able to detect the main reasoning effects as well as the visual impedance effect. The findings are discussed, with the new task considered appropriate for studying reasoning skills in child populations both with and without RD.

中文翻译：

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使用新的视觉推理任务测试有阅读障碍和没有阅读障碍的儿童的视觉阻抗效果

这项研究通过一项新的视觉/绘画任务，研究了儿童的推理能力，特别是传递推理和视觉阻抗效应。视觉阻抗效应是指在推理过程中从推理任务的前提中引出的无关细节可能受到干扰而产生的效果。这项新任务没有阅读要求，这使其适合于测试小学生的推理能力，尤其是阅读障碍（RD）的儿童，例如诵读困难的人。该研究的目的还在于验证该任务在研究推理和检测视觉阻抗效果而不会影响阅读技能的情况下的可能用途，并研究传递推理与阅读能力之间的关联。的初步研究（Ñ = 10）用于测试新任务对小学生的适用性。之后，在有和没有RD的较大的三至六年级儿童样本中测试了该任务（N  = 84）。结果表明，该新任务能够检测到主要的推理效果以及视觉阻抗效果。讨论了研究结果，并认为新任务适合研究有或没有RD的儿童人群的推理能力。