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The language planning situation in the Sultanate of Oman
Current Issues in Language Planning ( IF 2.030 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-14 , DOI: 10.1080/14664208.2020.1764729
Ali S. M. Al-Issa 1
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the language planning situation in the Sultanate of Oman with emphasis on the planning of Arabic, English, French and German, and their choice and spread in serving different interests and purposes. The paper explores the historical, social, political, and ideological processes and complexities of the language policy and planning (LPP) situation in the Sultanate. The discussion attempts to show that language planning, as carried out by the elites, is top-down and ideologically oriented and motivated, as it favors certain knowledge and traditions, while marginalizing and oppressing others. A brief introductory history of Oman is followed by an account of the language profile of the country. The paper then examines the role of Language in Education Planning (LEP) in the spread of Arabic, English, French, and German in schools and higher education. It concludes that there is an ideological struggle, contest, and conflict at the LEP level resulting in a lack of strategic planning and organized effort affecting language choice, language spread, language contact, language preservation, language maintenance, and language shift. Finally, the paper recommends avenues for further research and ways forward for LPP and LEP in Oman.

Abbreviations: AALIM: Arab American Language Institute in Morocco; ACTFL: American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages; AFL: Arabic as a Foreign Language; ALT: Arabic Language Teaching; BES: Basic Education System; BTEC: Business and Technology Education Council; CA: Colloquial Arabic; CEFR: Common European Framework; CELTA: Certificate in English Language Teaching to Adults; CfBT: Center for British Teachers; CFO: Centre Franco Omanais; CLS: Critical Language Scholarship; CLT: Communicative Language Teaching; CoE: College of Education; DAAD: German Academic Exchange Service; DALF: DiplômeApprofondi de Langue Française; DELF: Diplômed’Etudes en Langue Française; DELTA: Diploma in English Language Teaching to Adults; ELT: English Language Teaching; EMI: English-medium instruction; FPEL: Foundation Program English Language; EU: European Union; GCCC: Gulf Cooperation Council Countries; GFP: General Foundation Program; GPA: Gulf Pidgin Arabic; GUtech: German University of Technology; H: High; ICC: Intercultural Communicative Competence; IELTS: International English Language Testing System; IESCO: Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization; IGCSE: International General Certificate of Secondary Education; KSA: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; L: Low; LEP: Language in Education Planning; LPP: Language Policy and Planning; LWC: Language of Wider Communication; MENA: Middle East and North Africa; MoE: Ministry of Education; MoHE: Ministry of Higher Education; MSA: Modern Standard Arabic; NCATE: National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education; NRAA: National Records and Archive Authority; OAAA: Oman Academic Accreditation Authority; OIF: International Agency of La Francophonie; OPA: Oman Pidgin Arabic; OPEC: Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries; PDO: Petroleum Development Oman; PFLOAG: Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman and the Arabian Gulf; PHEIs: Private Higher Education Institutions; QA: Quranic Arabic; RWTH: Rheinisch-WestfälischeTechnischeHochschule; SCPTT: Specialized Centre for Professional Training of Teachers; SQU: Sultan Qaboos University; TCF: Test de connaissance du Français; TEF: Test d’ Evaluation de Francais; TOEFL: Test of English as a Foreign Language; TOEIC: Test of English for International Communication; TVET: Technological Vocational Education and Training; UAE: United Arab Emirates; UN: United Nation; UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization; ZD: Zertifikat Deutsch



中文翻译:

阿曼苏丹国的语言规划情况

摘要

本文研究了阿曼苏丹国的语言规划情况,重点是阿拉伯语,英语,法语和德语的规划,以及它们在满足不同利益和目的方面的选择和传播。本文探讨了苏丹国语言政策和计划(LPP)情况的历史,社会,政治和意识形态过程以及复杂性。讨论试图表明,精英们进行的语言计划是自上而下的,意识形态导向的和有动机的,因为它有利于某些知识和传统,而边缘化和压迫其他知识和传统。在简要介绍阿曼的历史之后,再介绍该国的语言概况。然后,本文研究了语言在教育计划(LEP)中在阿拉伯语,英语,法语,和德语在学校和高等教育。结论是,在LEP级别存在意识形态的斗争,竞赛和冲突,导致缺乏影响语言选择,语言传播,语言接触,语言保存,语言维护和语言转换的战略计划和有组织的努力。最后,本文提出了进一步研究的途径以及阿曼LPP和LEP的发展方向。

缩略语:AALIM:摩洛哥的阿拉伯美国语言学院;ACTFL:美国外语教学理事会;AFL:阿拉伯语为外语;ALT:阿拉伯语教学;BES:基础教育系统;BTEC:商业和技术教育委员会;CA:口语阿拉伯语;CEFR:共同欧洲框架;CELTA:成人英语教学证书;CfBT:英国教师中心;首席财务官:Franco Omanais中心;CLS:批判性语言奖学金;CLT:交际语言教学;CoE:教育学院;DAAD:德国学术交流服务;DALF:法国法语语言学院(DiplômeApprofondide LangueFrançaise);DELF:法国法语语言进修生(Diplomed'Etudes en LangueFrançaise);DELTA:成人英语教学文凭;ELT:英语教学;EMI:中英文教学;FPEL:基础课程英语;欧盟:欧盟;GCCC:海湾合作委员会国家;GFP:通用基金会计划;GPA:阿拉伯的Pidgin海湾地区;GUtech:德国工业大学;H:高;ICC:跨文化交际能力;雅思:国际英语语言测试系统;IESCO:伊斯兰教育,科学和文化组织;IGCSE:国际中等教育普通证书;KSA:沙特阿拉伯王国;L:低;LEP:教育规划中的语言;LPP:语言政策与规划;LWC:广泛交流的语言;中东和北非:中东和北非;教育部:教育部;教育部:高等教育部;MSA:现代标准阿拉伯语;NCATE:全国教师教育认证委员会;NRAA:国家记录和档案局;OAAA:阿曼学术认证机构;OIF:法语国家国际局;OPA:阿曼皮金(Aman Pidgin)阿拉伯文;欧佩克:石油输出国组织;PDO:阿曼石油开发公司;PFLOAG:解放阿曼和阿拉伯湾的人民阵线;PHEI:私立高等教育机构;QA:古兰经阿拉伯语;RWTH:Rheinisch-WestfälischeTechnischeHochschule;SCPTT:教师专业培训专门中心;SQU:苏丹卡布斯大学;TCF:法国宇宙试验队;TEF:法兰西评估考试;托福:英语作为外语考试;TOEIC:国际交流英语测试;TVET:技术职业教育和培训;阿联酋:阿拉伯联合酋长国;联合国:联合国;教科文组织:联合国教育,科学及文化组织;ZD:Zertifikat Deutsch 阿曼石油开发;PFLOAG:解放阿曼和阿拉伯湾的人民阵线;PHEI:私立高等教育机构;QA:古兰经阿拉伯语;RWTH:Rheinisch-WestfälischeTechnischeHochschule;SCPTT:教师专业培训专门中心;SQU:苏丹卡布斯大学;TCF:法国宇宙试验队;TEF:法兰西评估考试;托福:英语作为外语考试;TOEIC:国际交流英语测试;TVET:技术职业教育和培训;阿联酋:阿拉伯联合酋长国;联合国:联合国;教科文组织:联合国教育,科学及文化组织;ZD:Zertifikat Deutsch 阿曼石油开发;PFLOAG:解放阿曼和阿拉伯湾的人民阵线;PHEI:私立高等教育机构;QA:古兰经阿拉伯语;RWTH:Rheinisch-WestfälischeTechnischeHochschule;SCPTT:教师专业培训专门中心;SQU:苏丹卡布斯大学;TCF:法国宇宙试验队;TEF:法兰西评估考试;托福:英语作为外语考试;TOEIC:国际交流英语测试;TVET:技术职业教育和培训;阿联酋:阿拉伯联合酋长国;联合国:联合国;教科文组织:联合国教育,科学及文化组织;ZD:Zertifikat Deutsch Rheinisch-WestfälischeTechnischeHochschule; SCPTT:教师专业培训专门中心;SQU:苏丹卡布斯大学;TCF:法国宇宙试验队;TEF:法兰西评估考试;托福:英语作为外语考试;TOEIC:国际交流英语测试;TVET:技术职业教育和培训;阿联酋:阿拉伯联合酋长国;联合国:联合国;教科文组织:联合国教育,科学及文化组织;ZD:Zertifikat Deutsch Rheinisch-WestfälischeTechnischeHochschule; SCPTT:教师专业培训专门中心;SQU:苏丹卡布斯大学;TCF:法国宇宙试验队;TEF:法兰西评估考试;托福:英语作为外语考试;TOEIC:国际交流英语测试;TVET:技术职业教育和培训;阿联酋:阿拉伯联合酋长国;联合国:联合国;教科文组织:联合国教育,科学及文化组织;ZD:Zertifikat Deutsch 技术职业教育和培训;阿联酋:阿拉伯联合酋长国;联合国:联合国;教科文组织:联合国教育,科学及文化组织;ZD:Zertifikat Deutsch 技术职业教育和培训;阿联酋:阿拉伯联合酋长国;联合国:联合国;教科文组织:联合国教育,科学及文化组织;ZD:Zertifikat Deutsch

更新日期:2020-05-14
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